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NEP - New Economics Papers
Issue: nep-agr-2003-10-20
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NEP report on Agricultural Economics
Edited by Angelo Zago (angelo.zago@univr.it)
This document is in the public domain, please circulate to any.
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In this issue:
*( 1 ) The Development And Competitiveness Of Estonian Agriculture Prior
To Joining The European Union
Janno Reiljan & Liina Kulu
*( 2 ) Agriculture and Aggregate Productivity: A Quantitative Cross-
Country Analysis
Restuccia, Diego & Yang, Dennis Tao & Zhu, Xiaodong
*( 3 ) Public Organic Food and Global Trade: Is the Market Delivering
Agricultural Sustainability?
D Rigby & S Brown
*( 4 ) Meat Traceability and Consumer Assurance in Japan
Roxanne Clemens
*( 5 ) Impact Of Agriculture Output on Exchange Rates
Mukund Raj
*( 6 ) R&D Spillovers in Agriculture: Results from a Trade Model
Simla Tokgoz
*( 7 ) An interaction model for livestock farming and steppe ecosystem
Demberel S. & Nicholas Olenev & Igor Pospelov
*( 8 ) Industralization of Animal Agriculture
Oya S. Erdogdu & David Hennessy
*( 9 ) The impact of global warming on U.S. agriculture: an econometric
analysis
Wolfram Schlenker & Michael Hanemann & Anthony Fisher
*( 10 ) Propagation des risques biotechnologiques : Le cas du ma?s
StarLink
Caroline Debuissy
*( 11 ) Trade and Food Security Conceptualizing the Linkages
Arvind Panagariya
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*(1)
The Development And Competitiveness Of Estonian Agriculture Prior
To Joining The European Union
Janno Reiljan ; Liina Kulu
Abstract: The present working paper aims to evaluate the current state,
development and competitiveness of Estonian agriculture, based on the
theoretical concept of the competitiveness of an industry. By means
of analysis it is possible to predict what potential changes may
occur in the agricultural sector after Estonia?s EU accession. In
outline, the present paper will discuss the concept of the
competitiveness of an industry and the complex of factors influencing
competitiveness, evaluate the impact of the implementation of Common
Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the economies of candidate countries,
analyse the factors determining the environment in which the Estonian
agricultural production has to compete in the period prior to joining
the European Union and assess the impact of foreign trade on the
development of Estonian agriculture. Since 1991 the agricultural
production has been steadily declining in Estonia. Due to the
tendency to ignore the need for an agricultural policy that would
consider the realities of global economy, in Estonia this sector has
been left without protection. A substantial competitive disadvantage,
caused by the Government?s economic policy, has brought about a
situation in which the local producers lack capital for developing
the industry, while foreign capital is not attracted. The
agricultural producers, who have to dispense with government support,
are unable to simultaneously handle three difficult problems:
Transition from large-scale farming to small-scale farming that
requires the introduction of modern technology and equipment; Loss of
traditional foreign markets (Russia); Unfair competition with
governmentally subsidised EU products, not only in foreign markets,
but also in the internal market. Only equalisation of the conditions
of competition in the European Union and in Estonia?s agricultural
sector would make it possible to use the great natural potential of
Estonia for the benefit of its economic development. Resolving this
problem will be the most difficult task facing Estonia?s (foreign)
economic policy during the negotiations for admission to the EU. A
continuing agricultural decline would mean the loss of an opportunity
to exploit those natural resources even after joining the EU, because
the pre-accession level of production will determine the production
quotas.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtk:febawb:10&r=eff
University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Working Paper Series / Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,
University of Tartu (Estonia)
*(2)
Agriculture and Aggregate Productivity: A Quantitative Cross-
Country Analysis
Restuccia, Diego ; Yang, Dennis Tao ; Zhu, Xiaodong
Abstract: A decomposition of aggregate labor productivity based on
internationally comparable data from FAO and Penn World Tables
reveals that high labor shares and low productivity in agriculture
are mainly responsible for poor countries? current position in the
world income distribution. Using a two-sector general equilibrium
model, we argue that di?erences in total factor productivity (TFP)
and barriers to using modern intermediate inputs in agricultural
production can largely account for the observed cross-country
di?erences in both the labor share and productivity in agriculture.
Furthermore, our model with agriculture can account for 89% of the
observed aggregate labor productivity di?erences across countries,
performing much better than a one-sector growth model with the same
exogenous di?erences in TFP.
JEL Codes: O4 O1
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tor:tecipa:diegor-03-01&r
=eff
Working Papers / University of Toronto, Department of Economics
*(3)
Public Organic Food and Global Trade: Is the Market Delivering
Agricultural Sustainability?
D Rigby ; S Brown
Abstract:
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:man:sespap:0326&r=agr
The School of Economics Discussion Paper Series / School of Economics,
The University of Manchester
*(4)
Meat Traceability and Consumer Assurance in Japan
Roxanne Clemens
Abstract: http://www.econ.iastate.edu/research/viewabstract.asp?pid
=10716
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:10716&r=agr
Staff General Research Papers / Iowa State University, Department of
Economics
*(5)
Impact Of Agriculture Output on Exchange Rates
Mukund Raj
Abstract: Agriculture accounts for USD 547 billion (approximately) of
international trade, which means 9.1% of world merchandise trade and
it constitutes 40.9% of world exports in primary products.In the
coming decades the agricultural sector faces many challenges stemming
from growing global populations, land degradation, and loss of
cropland to urbanization. Although food production has been able to
keep pace with population growth on the global scale, there are
serious regional deficits, and poverty related nutritional
deficiencies affect close to a billion people globally. In this
century climate change is one factor that could affect food
production and availability in many parts of the world, particularly
those most prone to drought and famine. Despite several decades of
huge increases in the overall global food production, it is a fact
that the gap in food security between the developed and the
developing world is growing, and more and more people are suffering
from starvation and malnutrition. The food supply must double to feed
the world?s population in 2020.The United States is forecast to
provide almost 60 percent of the cereal net imports of developing
countries in 2020, the European Union about 16 percent, and Australia
about 10 percent. Almost 80 million people are likely to be added to
the world's population each year during the next 25 years, increasing
world population by 35 percent from 5.7 billion in 1995 to 7.7
billion by 2020. More than 95 percent of the population increase is
expected in developing countries, whose share of global population is
projected to increase from 79 percent in 1995 to 84 percent in
2020.The increase in global food production needed to cover future
demands has to be met primarily by productivity increases; an
increase in cultivated area has limited potential, as arable land in
many countries is already under pressure due to soil degradation
(erosion, salinization), deforestation and desertification. Exchange
rates are an important variable influencing the sale, purchase and
competitiveness of products worldwide. While a stronger currency
makes exports more expensive for other countries, it also reduces the
cost of imported products for the home country. A weaker currency has
the opposite effect, leading to increased exports and decreased
imports.
JEL Codes: E F1 F2 G F3 F4
Keywords: Agriculture Output USD Euro Exchange Rate Macroeconomic
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0309017&r=agr
International Trade / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
*(6)
R&D Spillovers in Agriculture: Results from a Trade Model
Simla Tokgoz
Abstract: http://www.econ.iastate.edu/research/viewabstract.asp?pid
=10718
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:10718&r=agr
Staff General Research Papers / Iowa State University, Department of
Economics
*(7)
An interaction model for livestock farming and steppe ecosystem
Demberel S. (Centre Ast. Geophysics Mongolian Ac. Sc.) ;
Nicholas Olenev (Dorodnicyn Computing Centre RAS) ; Igor Pospelov
(Dorodnicyn Computing Centre RAS)
Abstract: This work builds a macro model for livestock farming based on
aggregation of initial micro description for rational control of
total number of vintage livestock (age cohorts). Solution of an
optimal problem on cohort total number of livestock gives the age
limit for the operation of animals, the volume of the credits for the
farm, the speed of slaughter, and the conditions of the farm purchase
of young animals. The integral equation for the equilibrium price of
young animals is obtained. A steppe ecosystem model based on a carbon
cycle is constructed. The model takes into account some external
influences. It is taken into account that the maintenance of animals
damages the nature. Numerical experiments on the obtained ecological-
economic model with the rational expectations is solved with the help
of the highly productive calculations on the supercomputer MVS 1000M.
On the basis of base scenario the developments of processes in
several alternatives are built and calculated. One of scenarios
demonstrates a regime in which the area of natural pastures is
reduced by the virtue of external human activity. }
JEL Codes: C51 E17 E32 H32 J21 J43 O13 O53 Q14 Q24
Keywords: livestock farming, vintage livestock, age cohorts, credits,
farm, equilibrium price, steppe ecosystem model, carbon cycle, ecological
economic model
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpge:0309009&r=agr
GE, Growth, Math methods / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
*(8)
Industralization of Animal Agriculture
Oya S. Erdogdu (Ankara University) ; David Hennessy (Iowa
State University)
Abstract: The economic concerns and the technological developments
increased control over nature and nurture in the animal agriculture.
That changed the seasonality pattern of the supply side and lead to
structural change in the animal agriculture together with the demand
side factors. In this study we focused on the supply side factors and
document the ?industralization? of the animal agricultural
production.
JEL Codes: N5
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpmi:0309005&r=eff
Microeconomics / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
*(9)
The impact of global warming on U.S. agriculture: an econometric
analysis
Wolfram Schlenker (University of California, Berkeley) ;
Michael Hanemann (Univerisity of California, Berkeley and Giannini
Foundation) ; Anthony Fisher (University of California, Berkeley and
Giannini Foundation)
Abstract:
Keywords: agriculture, climate changes, econometric models, global warming,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:11009&r=agr
Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working
Paper Series / Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley
*(10)
Propagation des risques biotechnologiques : Le cas du ma?s
StarLink
Caroline Debuissy
Abstract: This document presents the StarLink corn case in four sections.
The StarLink corn had been approved by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) in 1998 for use only in animal food and other non-
alimentary industrial products, due to the potential human allergy
reactions. But in September 2000, StarLink corn was found in the
human food supply sold in the American market, in exportation of corn
and in the environment. The first section of this StarLink corn case
study shows the context where this corn was created and marketed, and
different events that ended up in contamination of the food system
and of the environment. The second section explains StarLink
economics impacts resulting of this spreading in the food system and
its consequences for the Government Sector. The third section
addresses the StarLink corn case and the risks of GMO; point to
issues of the future: current regulatory system and public policies.
In the fourth section concludes the StarLink case and issues related
to environmental risk factors, organizational risk factors and use of
precautionary principle are discussed. <P>Ce document pr?sente en
quatre parties le cas du ma?s StarLink. L'Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) a autoris? sa commercialisation aux Etats-Unis en 1998
seulement pour l'alimentation animale ou pour l'utilisation
industrielle ? des fins non alimentaires, car il pr?sentait des
risques d'allergies pour la consommation humaine. ? la suite
d'?v?nements d?favorables, ce ma?s a ?t? diss?min? involontairement
dans l'environnement et dans les produits alimentaires vendus sur le
march? am?ricain et le march? ext?rieur. Cette ?tude de cas du ma?s
StarLink aborde dans une premi?re partie le contexte dans lequel
cette vari?t? de ma?s a ?t? ?labor?e et commercialis?e, et les
?v?nements qui ont abouti ? une situation ind?sir?e. La deuxi?me
partie pr?sente les impacts de la propagation incontr?l?e du ma?s
StarLink sur les diff?rents acteurs concern?s. La troisi?me partie
expose les points saillants mis en ?vidence par le cas du ma?s
StarLink au sujet des risques reli?s ? l'utilisation des OGM. Et pour
finir la quatri?me partie conclut cette analyse du cas du ma?s
StarLink en pr?sentant les facteurs de risques environnementaux et
organisationnels et ?galement l'utilit? du principe de pr?caution
dans ce genre de situation.
Keywords: GMO, StarLink corn, risk, impact of GMO, regulatory system,
food system, risk factors, precautionary principle, OGM, ma?s StarLink,
risques, impacts des OGM, syst?me de r?gulation, industrie
agro-alimentaire, facteurs de risques, principe de pr?caution
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2003s-46&r=agr
CIRANO Working Papers / CIRANO
*(11)
Trade and Food Security Conceptualizing the Linkages
Arvind Panagariya
Abstract: Traditionally, food security is defined in terms of either food
self-sufficiency or food self-reliance. The former requires
production of various food items in the quantities consumed
domestically while the latter requires domestic availability. Based
on this distinction, self-sufficiency rules out imports as a source
of supply while self-reliance admits them. In modern times, given
much larger worldwide capacity to produce food than consume it, few
restrictions on the exports of food items in countries with the
excess capacity, and the availability of the means of transportation
that allow their rapid movement internationally, self-sufficiency
makes little economic sense. Instead, what countries need is
sufficient capacity to generate foreign exchange by specializing in
goods of their comparative advantage and import the excess of
quantities consumed over those produced. Therefore, accepting food
self-reliance as the means to achieve food security, we may ask how
the liberalization of trade in agriculture including food will impact
developing countries. In attempting to answer this question, we must
distinguish between importers and exporters of the products as also
between liberalization in the developed and developing countries. If
the objective is to study the impact on the poor, much finer analysis
is required since we must decompose the effects at the national level
into effects on the poor and non-poor. This is clearly a complex
exercise even conceptually so that our goals should be modest.
Specifically, it may be wiser to focus on the impact of
liberalization on broad groups within the nation rather than go all
the way down to the household level as ambitiously suggested by
McCulloch et al. (2001).
JEL Codes: F1 F2
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0308012&r=agr
International Trade / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
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This report is Copyright 2003 by Angelo Zago (angelo.zago@univr.it).
It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty.
It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part for any purpose.
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