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NEP - New Economics Papers
Issue: nep-agr-2004-06-02
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NEP report on Agricultural Economics
Edited by Angelo Zago (angelo.zago@univr.it)
This document is in the public domain, please circulate to any.
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+ Warning: Access to full +
+ contents may be restricted+
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In this issue:
*( 1 ) Economic Analysis of Rural Land Administration Projects
Stefano Pagiola
*( 2 ) Climate change: the global public good
Marco_Grasso
*( 3 ) Risk management in agriculture
Bharat Ramaswami & Shamika Ravi & S.D. Chopra
*( 4 ) Insurance and Incentives in Sharecropping
Luis H. B. Braido
*( 5 ) Trade policies and food security
Watkins, Kevin & von Braun, Joachim & Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio &
Gulati, Ashok
*( 6 ) Effects of tariffs and sanitary barriers on high- and low-value
poultry trade
Peterson, Everett B. & Orden, David
*( 7 ) Grain marketing policy changes and spatial efficiency of maize
and wheat markets in Ethiopia
Negassa, Asfaw & Myers, Robert & Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.
*( 8 ) Achieving food security in a cost effective way
Jha, Shikha & Srinivasan, P.V.
*( 9 ) Land Sales and Rental Markets in Transition: Evidence from Rural
VietnamApril 4, 2003
Klaus Deininger & Songqing Jin
*( 10 ) Impact of Biotech Grains on Market Structure and Societal Welfare
Sergio H. Lence & Dermot J. Hayes
*( 11 ) Trade Remedy Laws and NAFTA Agricultural Trade
Colin Carter & Caroline Gunning-Trant
*( 12 ) Agricultural trade reform and poverty reduction in developing
countries
Kym Anderson
*( 13 ) Food safety in food security and food trade
Ifpri
*( 14 ) Building on successes in African agriculture
Haggblade, Steven, ed.
*( 15 ) Market opportunities for African agriculture
Diao, Xinshen & Dorosh, Paul A. & Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
*( 16 ) The effect of WTO and FTAA on agriculture and the rural sector in
Latin America
Morley, Samuel & Pineiro, Valeria
*( 17 ) Food aid for market development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abdulai, Awudu & Barrett, Christopher B. & Hazell, Peter
*( 18 ) The economics of generating and maintaining plant variety rights
in China
Koo, Bonwoo & Pardey, Philip G. & Qian, Keming & Zhang, Yi
*( 19 ) Productivity and land enhancing technologies in Northern Ethiopia
Ersado, Lire & Amacher, Gregory & Alwang, Jeffrey
*( 20 ) Demand for rainfall-index based insurance
McCarthy, Nancy
*( 21 ) National and international agricultural research and rural
poverty
Fan, Shenggen & Chan-Kang, Connie & Qian, Keming & Krishnaiah,K.
*( 22 ) Impacts of agricultural research on poverty
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela & Adato, Michelle & Haddad,
Lawrence James & Hazell, Peter B. R.
*( 23 ) Assessing the impact of high-yielding varieties of maize in
resettlement areas of Zimbabwe
Bourdillon, Michael & Hebinck, Paul & Hoddinott, John &
Kinsey, Bill & Marondo, John & Mudege, Netsayi & Owens, Trudy
*( 24 ) Ending hunger by 2050
Runge, C. Ford & Senauer, Benjamin & Pardey, Philip G. &
Rosegrant, Mark W.
*( 25 ) U. S. agricultural policy
Orden, David
*( 26 ) Property Rights, Productivity, and the Nature of Noncontractible
Actions in a Franchise System
David A. Hennessy
*( 27 ) Calibration of Incomplete Demand Systems in Quantitative Analysis
(The)
John C. Beghin & Jean-Christophe Bureau & Sophie Drogue
*( 28 ) Voluntary Agreements with Industries: Participation Incentives
with Industry-wide Targets
Na Li Dawson & Kathleen Segerson
*( 29 ) The effects of land price on the quality of capital and maulti-
factor productivity
Hiromi Nosaka
*( 30 ) Short-Term and Medium-Term Prospects of Agricultural Sector in
Gujarat ? Some Policy Recommendations
Dholakia Ravindra H & Datta Samar K & Sharma Vijay Paul
*( 31 ) Development and Poverty Reduction: Do Institutions Matter? A
Study on the Impact of Local Institutions in Rural
India
Gandhi Vasant & Marsh Robin
*( 32 ) Fruit and Vegetable Marketing and its Efficiency in India: A
Study of Wholesale Markets in the Ahmedabad
Gandhi Vasant P & Namboodiri N V
*( 33 ) Sustainable Development Research in Agriculture: Gaps and
Opportunities for Ireland
Alan Matthews
*( 34 ) Farm Animal Welfare - testing for market failure
Carlsson, Fredrik & Frykblom, Peter & Lagerkvist, Carl-Johan
*( 35 ) Rural Poverty and Agricultural Diversification in Thailand
Ahmad, Alia & Isvilanonda, Somporn
*( 36 ) Rural industrialisation in Kerala: Re-examining the issue of
rural growth linkages
Mridul Eapen
*( 37 ) The blessing of the commons: Small-scale fisheries, community
property rights and coastal natural assets
John Kurien
*( 38 ) Spatial Dynamic Modeling and Urban Land Use Transformation: An
Ecological Simulation Approach to Assessing the Costs
of Urban Sprawl
Deal, Brian & Schunk, Daniel
*( 39 ) Co-operatives in chains: institutional restructuring in the Dutch
fruit and vegetables industry
Bijman, W.J.J. & Hendrikse, G.W.J.
---------
*(1)
Economic Analysis of Rural Land Administration Projects
Stefano Pagiola (World Bank)
Abstract: As part of its efforts to improve the rural economies
of its client countries, the World Bank is supporting programs to
strengthen land administration and undertake land reform. Land
administration projects can include a variety of activities. Usually,
the most expensive and that which is most likely to have direct,
tangible benefits is land titling. The provision of titles to
landowners is only part of complex process, however. Titles by
themselves are unlikely to bring lasting benefits unless there is a
functioning registry and cadastre and a system to adjudicate
disputes. Land titling can generate many benefits, including improved
efficiency of land markets, reduction in conflict over land, enhanced
access to credit, and improved incentives to invest in agricultural
production. Where the conditions are appropriate, titling can bring
important benefits. Conditions, however, are not always appropriate.
Moreover, land administration projects can be quite costly. Carrying
out an economic analysis is necessary to determine whether the
benefits to be achieved in a given situation are sufficient to
justify the costs. Until recently, however, economic analyses have
generally not been carried out for land administration projects. This
manual explains the principles and approach that such an economic
analysis should follow.
JEL Codes: P Q Z
Keywords: Land tenure, titling, credit, sustainability, Thailand,
Guatemala
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0405009&r=agr
Others / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
*(2)
Climate change: the global public good
Marco_Grasso (Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale -
Universita' degli Studi di Milano Bicocca)
Abstract: Climate change is the exemplary global public good,
because each countrys emissions of greenhouse gases contribute
cumulatively to the increase of the overall concentration, and each
countrys abatements entail higher cost than benefit, unless effective
concerted collective actions take place. Unfortunately there are weak
political and economic instruments for entering a climate agreement
and for attaining and maintaining its goals. Moreover there are
strong free-riding incentives since it is quite difficult - and
indeed very unpopular - for Governments to convince people to give up
part of their current wealth for the sake of uncertain gains in the
future, maybe accruing to population in remote distance. In this
paper I deal with the main issues put forward by the global public
good nature of climate change. Namely, I firstly shed some light on
the economics of global warming in order to point out a benefit-cost
framework suitable for quantifying its impacts. Then, I analyse the
determinants of the provision of climate stability and the
international collective action that should be undertaken to compel
sovereign countries to enter into a climate agreement. Hence, after
outlining the most important approach to international cooperation, I
consider the possibility of a coalition formation according to the
game theoretic perspective, the interests determining the
participation in international agreements, and the possible sanctions
imposable to countries that refuse to comply with an international
climate agreement.
JEL Codes: H41 D61
Keywords: climate change, public goods, international environmental
agreements
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0405010&r=agr
Others / Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL
*(3)
Risk management in agriculture
Bharat Ramaswami (Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi)
Shamika Ravi (New York University)
S.D. Chopra (Ministry of Agriculture, Govt of India)
Abstract: This monograph was written to be part of the series of
studies commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture under the rubric
of "State of Indian Farmer - A Millennium Study". On the basis of
existing literature, this study documents the status of our knowledge
on risks of agriculture and their management. Chapter 2 discusses the
evidence on the nature, type and magnitude of agricultural risks.
Chapter 3 discusses farmer strategies to combat risk. In addition to
the mechanisms at the level of the farm household, the need to cope
with risk can also affect community interactions and social customs.
This is examined in Chapter 4. In chapter 5, we consider how
production risks have been transformed by developments in the
agricultural economy in the post-independence period. In chapter 6,
we review the principal developments that have impacted on market
risks.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:isipdp:03-08&r=agr
Indian Statistical Institute, Planning Unit, New Delhi Discussion
Papers / Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India
*(4)
Insurance and Incentives in Sharecropping
Luis H. B. Braido
Abstract: This essay surveys some recent empirical works about
sharecropping. The basic theoretical trade-offs are discussed in the
introduction. Section 1 discusses the empirical research on resource
allocation. This section is divided in two subsections: one studying
the effects of tenure stability on land improvements, and another
comparing the impact of different share rates on input use and farm
productivity. Section 2 surveys works testing different arguments
raised to explain the design of tenancy contracts. The essay then
concludes with a brief summary discussing some important policy
implications.
JEL Codes: C52 D82 O12 O15
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_1098&r=agr
CESifo Working Paper Series / CESifo GmbH
*(5)
Trade policies and food security
Watkins, Kevin
von Braun, Joachim
Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
Gulati, Ashok
Abstract: "Globalization could and should benefit developing
countries. But unlike a rising tide that lifts all boats, large and
small, globalization is unequal. It has fallen far short of its much-
ballyhooed potential to help the world's poorest people out of
poverty. Instead, a combination of policies in both rich and poor
countries creates conditions for the rich to prosper and many of the
poor to fall more deeply into destitution. Agricultural protectionism
in rich countries enables them to skew markets in their favor.
Tariffs and trade barriers routinely exclude developing-country
products. Other non-tariff barriers, such as non-transparent
phytosanitary regulations, present additional impediments to poor
farmers seeking to enter the global marketplace. Instead of
distorting the marketplace, rich nations must pay more than lip
service to the ideal of free and fair trade. The World Trade
Organization (WTO) is the arena to do so internationally. Public
policies in developing countries also harm poor farmers and
producers, who often lack the basic conditions for prosperity:
health, education, land, capital, information, and the marketing
infrastructure needed to take advantage of export opportunities.
Developing-country governments can and must change domestic policies
on markets, land tenure, research and extension, and credit to enable
smallholder farmers to compete. The two feature essays in this year's
annual report examine who must do what in order for agricultural
globalization to work for the poor. Unilateral measures by one side
or the other will help. But only concerted effort by both developed-
and developing-country governments and institutions to change trade
rules, regulations, and practices will enable the very poor to feed
their families and live a better life." from Abstract
Keywords: Globalization ,Equality ,tariffs ,Protectionism ,Land tenure
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:anress:8&r=agr
Annual report essays / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(6)
Effects of tariffs and sanitary barriers on high- and low-value
poultry trade
Peterson, Everett B.
Orden, David
Abstract: "A competitive partial-equilibrium spatial model with
heterogeneous goods is constructed to evaluate effects of the removal
of tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, and sanitary regulations on world
poultry trade. The model distinguishes between "high-value" (mostly
white meat) and "low-value" (mostly dark meat) poultry products and
simulates the trade flows between eight exporting and importing
countries and regions. Removing all barriers simultaneously has
larger impact on trade than only removing tariffs and tariff-rate
quotas. Imposition of sanitary barriers against US products by Russia
shifts trade flows, but does not have large net impacts on US
producers." from Abstract
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:mtiddp:64&r=agr
MTID discussion papers / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(7)
Grain marketing policy changes and spatial efficiency of maize and
wheat markets in Ethiopia
Negassa, Asfaw
Myers, Robert
Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.
Abstract: "In the context of on-going market reform in
developing countries, there is a need for an improvement in the
existing methods of spatial market efficiency analysis in order to
better inform the debate toward designing and implementing new grain
marketing policies, institutions, and infrastructure that facilitate
the emergence of a well developed and competitive grain marketing
system. The standard parity bounds model (PBM), while it overcomes
many weaknesses of the conventional methods of spatial market
efficiency analysis, it does not allow for the test of structural
changes in spatial market efficiency as a result of policy changes.
In this paper, building on the standard PBM, we develop an extended
parity bounds model (EPBM). The EPBM is a stochastic gradual
switching model with three trade regimes. The EPBM is estimated by
maximum likelihood procedure and allows for tracing the time path and
structural change in spatial market efficiency conditions due to the
policy changes. We applied the EPBM to analyze the effect of grain
marketing policy changes on spatial efficiency of maize and wheat
markets in Ethiopia. The results show that the effect of policy
changes on spatial market efficiency is not significant statistically
in many cases; there is high probability of spatial inefficiency in
maize and wheat markets before and after the policy changes. The
implication of these results is that maize and wheat markets are
characterized by periodic gluts and shortages, which can undermine
the welfare of producers, grain traders and consumers. It is also
observed that the nature of spatial inefficiency for maize and wheat
markets is different implying that the two commodities might require
different policy responses in order to improve spatial market
efficiency. Maize traders made losses most of the time while wheat
traders made excess profits most of the time covered by the study."
Authors' Abstract
Keywords: Stochastic analysis ,structural change ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:mtiddp:66&r=agr
MTID discussion papers / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(8)
Achieving food security in a cost effective way
Jha, Shikha
Srinivasan, P.V.
Abstract: "This study evaluates the domestic and international
trade and marketing policies in India and analyzes the effects of
deregulating domestic markets and liberalizing external trade on the
food grain sector. Historically, India's food policy has involved
heavy government intervention in all aspects of the food grain market
pricing, procurement, stocking, transport and marketing. The Food
Corporation of India (FCI) is the principal parastatal agency
responsible for marketing food grains within the country and controls
nearly 50 percent of the grain markets. An analysis of the
performance of the FCI, however, reveals enormous and mounting costs
of operations that present a huge financial burden for the Government
of India (GOI). This study offers a comparison of the costs and
functioning of the FCI with that of private traders, in order to
suggest policy options for reform. The results show that private
traders operate at costs lower than those incurred by the FCI in both
storage and trade, despite several controls and restrictions imposed
upon them. Therefore, the finding from this study is that there is a
strong case for reform from the efficiency point of view." From
Author's Executive Summary
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:mtiddp:67&r=agr
MTID discussion papers / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(9)
Land Sales and Rental Markets in Transition: Evidence from Rural
VietnamApril 4, 2003
Klaus Deininger
Songqing Jin
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wop:wobaac:3013&r=agr
Working Papers -- Agriculture. Land, commodity prices, markets. / World
Bank
*(10)
Impact of Biotech Grains on Market Structure and Societal Welfare
Sergio H. Lence
Dermot J. Hayes
Abstract:
http://www.econ.iastate.edu/research/publications/v
iewabstract.asp?pi
d=11919
JEL Codes: O0 Q1
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:11919&r=agr
Staff General Research Papers / Iowa State University, Department of
Economics
*(11)
Trade Remedy Laws and NAFTA Agricultural Trade
Colin Carter (University of California, Davis)
Caroline Gunning-Trant (University of California, Davis)
Abstract: Trade remedy law is viewed as a major vehicle for
protection in U.S. agriculture. The objective of this paper is to
summarize the use of trade remedy law by U.S. agriculture and to
highlight examples of where the use of these laws conflicts with free
trade agreements such as NAFTA. Empirical evidence is presented of
the effects of U.S. trade remedy laws on agricultural imports. We
find evidence that is consistent with trade diversion on positive
rulings and an "investigation effect" on negative rulings.
Keywords: Trade remedy laws, anti-dumping laws, countervailing duty
laws, import relief laws, U.S. agriculture,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:aredav:1022&r=agr
Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Davis, Working
Paper Series / Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC
Davis
*(12)
Agricultural trade reform and poverty reduction in developing
countries
Kym Anderson
Abstract: This paper offers an economic assessment of the
opportunities and challenges provided by the WTOs Doha Development
Agenda, particularly through agricultural trade liberalization, for
low-income countries seeking to trade their way out of poverty. After
discussing links between poverty, economic growth and trade, it
reports modelling results showing that farm product markets remain
the most costly of all goods market distortions in world trade. It
focuses on what such reform might mean for developing countries both
without and with their involvement in the multilateral trade
negotiations. What becomes clear is that if those countries want to
maximize their benefits from the Doha round, they need also to free
up their own domestic product and factor markets so their farmers are
better able to take advantage of new market-opening opportunities
abroad. Other concerns of low-income countries about farm trade
reform also are addressed: whether there would be losses associated
with tariff preference erosion, whether food-importing countries
would suffer from higher food prices in international markets,
whether Chinas WTO accession will provide an example of trade reform
aggravating poverty via cuts to prices received by Chinese farmers,
and the impact on food security and poverty alleviation.
Keywords: WTO, agricultural protection, trade liberalization, poverty
alleviation
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iis:dispap:iiisdp014&r=agr
The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper
Series / IIIS
*(13)
Food safety in food security and food trade
IFPRI
Abstract: CONTENTS: Overview / Laurian J. Unnevehr; Food Safety
as a Public Health Issue for Developing Countries / Fritz K.
Kaferstein; Mycotoxin Food Safety Risk in Developing Countries /
Ramesh V. Bhat and Siruguri Vasanthi; Trends in Food Safety Standards
and Regulation: Implications for Developing Countries / Julie A.
Caswell; Food Safety Issues in International Trade / Spencer Henson;
Balancing Risk Reduction and Benefits from Trade in Setting Standards
/ John Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki; Case Study: Guatemalan
Raspberries and Cyclospora / Linda Calvin, Luis Flores, and William
Foster; Case Study: Kenyan Fish Exports / Richard O. Abila; Case
Study:The Shrimp Export Industry in Bangladesh / James C. Cato and S.
Subasinge; Case Study: Reducing Pesticide Residues on Horticultural
Crops / George W. Norton, Guillermo E. Sanchez, Dionne Clarke-Harris,
and Halimatou Kone Traore; Case Study: India Responds to
International Food Safety Requirements / Shashi Sareen; Case Study:
Supermarkets and Quality and Safety Standards for Produce in Latin
America / Julio A. Berdegue, Fernando Balsevich, Luis Flores, Denise
Mainville, and Thomas Reardon; Case Study: Beef industry in China /
Colin G. Brown and Scott A.Waldron; Case Study:The Poultry Industry
in Colombia / Miguel I. Gomez, Diego M. Sierra, and Daisy Rodriguez;
Case Study: Reducing Mycotoxins in Brazilian Crops / Elisabete Salay;
Food Safety and GM Crops: Implications for Developing-Country
Research / Joel I. Cohen, Hector Quemada, and Robert Frederick; Food
Safety Policy Issues for Developing Countries / Laurian J. Unnevehr,
Lawrence Haddad, and Christopher Delgado
Keywords: food security ,Food safety ,trade ,health ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:2020fo:10&r=agr
2020 vision focus / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(14)
Building on successes in African agriculture
Haggblade, Steven, ed.
Abstract: 10. The Pretoria Statement on the Future of African
Agriculture
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:2020fo:12&r=agr
2020 vision focus / International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI)
*(15)
Market opportunities for African agriculture
Diao, Xinshen
Dorosh, Paul A.
Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
Abstract: "Rapid growth in the agricultural sector is central to
any strategy for slashing poverty and hunger on the African
continent. Yet investments aimed at increasing agricultural
productivity need to be linked to market opportunities if they are
not to depress commodity prices and farm incomes. It is widely
perceived that high market transaction costs, weak domestic consumer
demand, and lack of export possibilities are major constraints on
agricultural growth prospects for Africa. But just how severe are
these constraints, and what can be done to enhance market
opportunities to enable agriculture to become a more powerful engine
of growth for the continent? This study addresses these questions. It
concludes that non-traditional exports have the fewest constraints
and remain the most profitable option for increasing export
earnings.....Thus, investments in agriculture and other efforts to
promote higher agricultural productivity growth need to be
complemented with policies and investments to spur non-agricultural
growth. More generally, investments in rural infrastructure can help
to maximize positive linkage effects of agricultural growth.
Agricultural growth can play a major role in increasing food supply,
but sustained increases in incomes and reductions in poverty are
likely to require a combination of labor-intensive growth in both
agricultural and nonagricultural activities." from Authors' Abstract
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:dsgddp:1&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(16)
The effect of WTO and FTAA on agriculture and the rural sector in
Latin America
Morley, Samuel
Pineiro, Valeria
Abstract: "In this paper we analyze the effect on output,
employment and poverty of two (2) alternative versions of further
trade liberalization one representing free trade world wide (WTO) and
the other a Western hemisphere free trade bloc (FTAA). The paper
introduces international commodity price changes derived from a world
model into national Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and
microsimulation models for fifteen (15) Latin American countries to
estimate how FTAA and WTO would affect sectoral output, employment,
wages and poverty levels at the national level for each of the
countries. We found that either of these two alternatives is
expansionary for both output and employment in general and for
agriculture in particular in most Latin American countries. WTO
particularly favors the rural sector because the elimination of
producer subsidies in developed countries causes a big increase in
prices of all food commodities, especially on grains, dairy products
and milk. As a result we found that in general, trade
liberalizationreduced skill differentials, both within the urban
sector, and where we had the information, between the rural and urban
unskilled. Finally, the poverty microsimulation exercise showed that
the poor are helped by either WTO or FTAA. Either version reduces
poverty and inequality, and the changes are especially significant
under the WTO. Clearly the rural poor pay a fairly heavy price for
the producer subsidies in developed countries." Authors' Abstract
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:dsgddp:3&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(17)
Food aid for market development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abdulai, Awudu
Barrett, Christopher B.
Hazell, Peter
Abstract: "Food aid remains significant for food availability in
many low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, helping to reduce
the gap between food consumption needs and supply from domestic
production and inventories and commercial imports. Food aid remains a
contentious subject, however, and there have been many recent pleas
for more effective use of the resource. This study explores how food
aid might be used for domestic food market development to facilitate
poverty alleviation and economic growth. There are obvious risks to
using food aid for market development, just as there have been in
using food aid to try to stimulate agricultural development. Because
food aid necessarily expands local food supply, it needs to be well
targeted if adverse producer price effects are to be avoided. In
particular, if food aid can be targeted so as to relieve short-term
working capital and transport capacity constraints to the development
of downstream processing and distribution capacity in recipient
country food marketing channels, for example by helping build farmer
cooperative groups, then food aid could have salutary effects on sub-
Saharan African agriculture."
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:dsgddp:5&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(18)
The economics of generating and maintaining plant variety rights in
China
Koo, Bonwoo
Pardey, Philip G.
Qian, Keming
Zhang, Yi
Abstract: Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and
productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs),
even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted
PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and
maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from
the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for
a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern
of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws
were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the
context of China's present and likely future seed markets to identify
the economic incentives and institutional aspects that influence
decisions to develop and apply for varietal rights.
Keywords: intellectual property ,Plant breeding Technological
innovations ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:eptddp:100&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(19)
Productivity and land enhancing technologies in Northern Ethiopia
Ersado, Lire
Amacher, Gregory
Alwang, Jeffrey
Abstract: The adoption of more efficient farming practices and
technologies that enhance agricultural productivity and improve
environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic
growth, food security and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa.
Our research examines the interaction between public investments,
community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing
technologies by households in the northern Ethiopian state of Tigray.
Agricultural technology adoption decisions are modeled as a
sequential process where the timing of choices can matter. We find
that time spent sick and opportunity costs of caring for sick family
members are significant factors in adoption. Sickness, through its
impact on household income and labor allocation decisions for
healthcare and other activities, significantly reduces the likelihood
of technology adoption. Our findings suggest that agencies working to
improve agricultural productivity and land resource conservation
should consider not only the financial status of potential adopters,
but also their related health situation.
Keywords: Agricultural productivity ,Africa sub-Saharan ,Health
Economic aspects ,Land use Environmental aspects ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:eptddp:102&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(20)
Demand for rainfall-index based insurance
McCarthy, Nancy
Abstract: In this paper, we derive estimates for willingness to
pay for rainfall-index based insurance contracts. Surveys were
undertaken in four regions in Morocco, representing different mean
and variability of rainfall conditions. Results indicate that
respondents in the high variability regions preferred contracts that
paid out more often (had higher rainfall trigger levels), and which
were more costly. In fact, a strong majority of respondents indicated
they would purchase these contracts at the fair-value price; the
estimated median willingness to pay for such contracts was between
12-20 percent above the fair value contract. However, in the lower
rainfall variability regions, the cheaper contracts with lower
trigger values were the only contracts for which the estimated median
willingness to pay was greater than the fair-value of the contract.
Finally, estimated coefficients for explanatory variables such as
human and physical assets, debt levels, etc. did not have consistent
impacts, either across or within regions.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:eptddp:106&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(21)
National and international agricultural research and rural poverty
Fan, Shenggen
Chan-Kang, Connie
Qian, Keming
Krishnaiah, K.
Abstract: The study attempts to measure the total benefits from
rice varietal improvement research in China and India using variety
adoption and performance data over the last two decades. It then uses
genetic or pedigree information to partition the total benefits
between these two countries and IRRI. Finally, the study uses
reported elasticity of poverty reduction with respect to agricultural
output growth to assess the effects of national and international
research on poverty reduction in rural India and China. The results
indicate that rice varietal improvement research has contributed
tremendously to increase in rice production, accounting for 14-23
percent of total production value over the last two decades in both
countries. Rice research has also helped reduce large numbers of
rural poor. IRRI played a crucial role in these successes. In 1999,
for every $1 million invested at IRRI, more than 800 and 15,000 rural
poor were lifted above the poverty line in China and India,
respectively. These poverty-reduction effects were even larger in the
earlier years." Authors' Abstract
Keywords: Rice Asia. ,Rice Research. ,Rice Varieties. ,Rice Yields.
,Poverty alleviation. ,genetically modified organisms ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:eptddp:109&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(22)
Impacts of agricultural research on poverty
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
Adato, Michelle
Haddad, Lawrence James
Hazell, Peter B. R.
Abstract: "The extent to which agricultural research has reduced
poverty has become an increasing concern of policymakers, donors, and
researchers. Until recently, poverty reduction was a secondary goal
of agricultural research. The primary focus was on increasing food
supplies and reducing food prices, a strategy that was successful in
increasing the yields of important food staples. When increased
productivity is combined with increased agricultural employment,
lower food prices, and increased off-farm employment, agricultural
research can be credited with significant reductions in rural
poverty. However, these benefits do not necessarily materialize, and
thus it is essential to understand how agricultural technologies
influence and are influenced by the diverse livelihood strategies,
vulnerability context, relations of gender and power, and other
conditions of the poor. This paper reports findings of a CGIAR
research project including seven case studies of different types of
agricultural research: aggregate investments in agricultural research
in China and India; rice, vegetable, and fishpond technologies in
Bangladesh; soil fertility replenishment in Kenya; hybrid maize in
Zimbabwe, and creolized maize in Mexico. The case studies found
adoption was influenced by the technologies' likelihood to increase
or decrease vulnerability, whether the poor have the assets needed to
adopt, the nature of disseminating institutions, and cultural factors
such as gender roles and taste preferences. Dissemination processes
have become increasingly diversified and have a significant impact on
who is reached with the technology and how well they are able to take
advantage of it. A wide variety of direct impacts on adopting
households were identified, including those related to increased
production, income, knowledge, changes in power relationships
(favoring men or women; richer or poorer farmers), and increased or
decreased vulnerability. Poor people often benefit from these
technologies, especially if these technologies are designed to build
on assets that they have, though the studies also showed that impacts
on the poor were sometimes limited by asset requirements for adoption
or dissemination practices. Indirect effects were also important.
Poor people were helped by declining food prices, though benefits to
poor farmers were dampened by falling output prices. Increased
stability and even marginal improvements in agricultural production
were valued by poor households for providing food security and a
launching pad into other activities. Increased agricultural
employment was also a major benefit, improving incomes and stability
of employment. This paper identifies lessons that for future impact
assessments. These included the identification of factors that should
be understand at an early stage, such as the priority poor people put
on managing risk; the types of social differentia-tion (gender;
class; ethnicity, etc.) that will affect the uptake and impacts of
technologies; the variety of traits that farmers value; and the role
of agriculture in livelihood strategies. With regard to methodology,
the case studies underscore the need to consider direct and indirect
impacts and to avoid restricting analysis to only impacts that can be
easily quantified. Mixing disciplines and research methods are
essential to conducting impact assessments. Finally, the study
concludes that for impact assessment to make a difference,
researchers must conduct research and impact assessment in a way that
facilitates institutional learning and change Authors' Abstract
Keywords: Agricultural research ,Sustainable livelihoods ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:eptddp:111&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(23)
Assessing the impact of high-yielding varieties of maize in
resettlement areas of Zimbabwe
Bourdillon, Michael
Hebinck, Paul
Hoddinott, John
Kinsey, Bill
Marondo, John
Mudege, Netsayi
Owens, Trudy
Abstract: "This study is part of a larger effort to explore the
impact of agricultural research on poverty reduction. It examines the
diffusion and impact of hybrid maize in selected resettlement areas
of rural Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to varieties made
widely available from the mid-1990s onwards. While "Zimbabwe's Green
Revolution" of the early 1980s was characterized by the widespread
adoption of hybrid maize varieties and significant increases in
yields, the subsequent diffusion of newer varieties occurred more
slowly and had a more modest impact. Several factors account for
this. Government now plays a much-reduced role and one that
increasingly focuses on "better farmers." Private-sector institutions
that have entered the maize sector operate mainly in areas of high
agricultural potential. Consequently, "adoption" partly reflects
"choice" but also the (sometimes) limited physical availability of
varieties. A further factor is the nature of the technology being
introduced. Newer varieties are bred to meet the evolving needs of
commercial farmers, but these new needs most notably improved disease
resistance are not shared by the farmers in our survey and are not
associated with significantly higher yields where use of fertilizers
is limited. A further consideration is that information is
disseminated via multiple channels and in a fragmentary fashion in an
environment where tolerance of dissent is limited, the behavior of
neighbors is viewed suspiciously and some actors involved in
dissemination (such as extension workers) are increasingly viewed
with mistrust. The presumption that farmers "learn from each other"
is less applicable in circumstances such as these. Our case studies
indicate links between the production of maize in excess of
subsistence needs, the accumulation of assets such as livestock and
tools, payment of school fees, and the acquisition of inputs such as
fertilizer and labor for the subsequent cropping season. This
coincides with the views of farmers who see high-yielding varieties
of maize as an influential factor in raising livelihood above the
level of poverty that prevailed when they first moved into the area.
However, new varieties appear to have increased incomes only
marginally. When we control for farmer characteristics and the
endogeneity of adoption, use of these new varieties increases crop
incomes only by about 10 percent; a 10-percent increase in maize
income is associated with an increase in livestock holdings ranging
from 4 to 12 percent. However, these modest impacts result in an
improved ability to deal with vulnerability. Hybrids do raise
productivity in maize production. Higher income from maize, and from
other crops, leads to investment in livestock. And livestock holdings
are an important means through which child health is protected when
drought occurs. All such changes are associated with an improvement
in well-being and a reduction in poverty. " Authors' Abstract
Keywords: Poverty alleviation ,Agricultural research ,Hybrid maize
Zimbabwe ,Crop yields ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:fcndbr:161&r=agr
FCND briefs / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(24)
Ending hunger by 2050
Runge, C. Ford
Senauer, Benjamin
Pardey, Philip G.
Rosegrant, Mark W.
Abstract: "To end hunger and prevent the recurrence of famine
and starvation, we need to take the following steps: invest in public
health, child nutrition, education, women's and girls' social status,
and other components of human capital; reform public institutions and
create innovative funding and partnership arrangements; change
government policies at all levels to be both pro-poor and pro-growth;
increase funding for scientific and technological research to boost
agricultural production and efficiency; and develop specific policies
and institutions to deal with environmental degradation caused by
population growth. The international community, national governments,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector must
cooperate to bring about these changes, which reach beyond
redistribution programs, narrowly focused market-oriented solutions,
or campaigns based solely on local self-reliance." from text
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:issbrf:14&r=agr
Issue briefs / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(25)
U. S. agricultural policy
Orden, David
Abstract: The 2002 U.S. farm bill has been widely criticized for
increasing subsidies with detrimental effects on competing
agricultural producers abroad and for undermining U.S. leadership in
achieving liberalized world agricultural trade. This paper provides
an assessment that shows the 2002 bill has effects that are nuanced
in at least four respects. It raises expenditures compared to 1996
legislation, but not compared to actual 1998-2001 outlays. It
maintains planting flexibility, but extends support to new crops and
undermines some of the decoupling of subsidy payments from production
and market prices that had occurred. It violates the spirit of U.S.
trade liberalization rhetoric, but probably not the letter of U.S.
WTO commitments. And it continues the policies of wealthy countries
that collectively distort agricultural production and world prices,
but only marginally worsen the net effects of these policies.
Keywords: World Trade Organization ,United States ,Agriculture and
state ,Prices Government policy ,
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:tmddps:109&r=agr
Working papers / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
*(26)
Property Rights, Productivity, and the Nature of Noncontractible
Actions in a Franchise System
David A. Hennessy
Abstract:
http://www.econ.iastate.edu/research/publications/v
iewabstract.asp?pi
d=11750
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:11750&r=eff
Staff General Research Papers / Iowa State University, Department of
Economics
*(27)
Calibration of Incomplete Demand Systems in Quantitative Analysis
(The)
John C. Beghin
Jean-Christophe Bureau
Sophie Drogue
Abstract:
http://www.econ.iastate.edu/research/publications/v
iewabstract.asp?pi
d=11771
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:11771&r=eff
Staff General Research Papers / Iowa State University, Department of
Economics
*(28)
Voluntary Agreements with Industries: Participation Incentives with
Industry-wide Targets
Na Li Dawson (PriceWaterhouseCoopers)
Kathleen Segerson (University of Connecticut)
Abstract: There is an increasing interest in the use of
voluntary approaches to environmental protection as an alternative to
more traditional regulatory approaches. In many cases, entire
industries are faced with possible imposition of costly environmental
policies if environmental goals are not met voluntarily. If the
threat is industry-wide, a potential free-rider problem exists since,
if the environmental goal is met by others, individual firms would
benefit from avoidance of the costly policy without incurring the
associated cost. We develop a multiple-firm model of an industry's
voluntary adoption of environmental protection measures to achieve a
predetermined industry-wide emissions reduction target under an
explicit threat of imposition of an emissions tax. We examine the
free-riding incentive of individual firms and its impact on the
viability of a voluntary approach to pollution control (VA). We find
that despite the free-riding problem, there is an incentive for a
sub-group of firms in an industry to participate in a VA. A VA is
strictly preferred by the industry as a whole (aggregate industry
profits are higher), although it is cost inefficient from society's
point of view.
JEL Codes: K32 D21 Q28
Keywords: Voluntary agreement, Voluntary approach, environmental
protection, free-riding, emissions tax
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2004-06&r=agr
Working papers / University of Connecticut, Department of Economics
*(29)
The effects of land price on the quality of capital and maulti-factor
productivity
Hiromi Nosaka
Abstract: I study a model of replacement problem with liquidity
constraint, where the land is used as a collateral as well as a
factor of production. The collateral value of the land restricts the
available funds for the firm, which works as a capacity constraint of
firms. Due to this constraint, the replacement can be enhanced when
the positive technology and/or demand shocks arrives. This stands in
contrast with some types of replacement models, where the positive
demand shocks delay the replacement. The rise of the land price
enlarges the available funds for the firms which requires the
efficient use of the land, when the firms are under liquidity
constraint. It also raises the userfs cost of land, hence, the
replacement of machine is enhanced. The effects of the land price on
the the multi-factor productivity and replacement are examined by the
data of Japan during 1970 and 1998. The estimated results show that
the rise of the land price enhance the replacement and improves the
multi-factor productivity in the non-service sectors, but I do not
observe the direct relationship between the replacement and the land
price in the service sectors. These results are consistent with the
view that the land price affects the replacement decisions and
productivity in non-service sectors. In service sectors, however, the
other factors such as the quality of investments could be important.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hst:hstdps:d03-21&r=agr
Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series / Institute of Economic Research,
Hitotsubashi University
*(30)
Short-Term and Medium-Term Prospects of Agricultural Sector in
Gujarat ? Some Policy Recommendations
Dholakia Ravindra H ; Datta Samar K ; Sharma Vijay Paul
Abstract: By mid-September, 2003 it is becoming clear that Gujarat is
likely to experience a bumper crop in the year 2003-04. The State
Ministry of Agriculture is looking for some concrete suggestions,
advice and policy recommendations to better manage the situation
likely to be created by the bumper crop this year. Falling prices in
the face of bumper crop can considerably wipe out positive effect on
agricultural incomes in the hands of farmers in the State. Short-term
measures to avoid such a situation need to be integrated into medium
term and long term development strategy for the State agricultural
sector. The present paper provides some implementable policy
recommendations in this context.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2003-10-01&r=agr
IIMA Working Papers / Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research
and Publication Department
*(31)
Development and Poverty Reduction: Do Institutions Matter? A
Study on the Impact of Local Institutions in Rural India
Gandhi Vasant ; Marsh Robin
Abstract: The paper examines the impact of local institutions on
development and poverty in the rural areas of India. Recent research
on the role of institutions on the path of economic development
indicates the importance of both ?macro? and ?micro? institutions
including local institutions. The study finds a large number of both
formal and informal local institutions in the surveyed villages, and
a substantial degree of interaction of the households with the
institutions. These include both formal institutions such as service
cooperatives and dairy cooperatives, as well as informal institutions
such as savings groups, community associations and labour groups. The
study finds that apart from the standard factors included such as
land, capital and labour, the presence and membership in local
institutions plays a significant role in explaining the variation in
household incomes and gain in capital assets over time. Savings/
micro-credit groups, and dairy cooperatives are found to be
particularly important. Further, membership in these institutions is
not found to be related to high asset levels or high caste ? it is
often inversely so. This indicates a stronger developmental role.
Recorded opinions of the households supports the findings on the
impact and beneficial role of local institutions. The study confirms
that institutions do matter, and that local institutions can and do
make a significant contribution in helping development in the rural
areas, especially so for the lower income groups.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2003-09-06&r=agr
IIMA Working Papers / Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research
and Publication Department
*(32)
Fruit and Vegetable Marketing and its Efficiency in India: A
Study of Wholesale Markets in the Ahmedabad
Gandhi Vasant P ; Namboodiri N V
Abstract: There has been great concern in recent years regarding the
efficiency of marketing of fruits and vegetables in India. It is
believed that poor efficiency in the marketing channels and poor
marketing infrastructure leading to high and fluctuating consumer
prices and only a small portion of the consumer rupee reaching the
producer farmers. This paper examines these aspects in regulated
wholesale markets for fruits and vegetables in Ahmedabad City area.
These regulated markets were established to improve the marketing
efficiency. The system of sale followed in these markets indicated
that open auction as a system of sale is yet to take roots in these
markets and the marketing system was dominated by open auction or
secret bidding resulting to significant erosion of marketing
efficiency. Analysis of marketing costs indicated that on an average
they hover around 8 percent of the consumer price for vegetables 11
to 15 percent for fruits. On an average the share of farmers in
consumer rupee was hardly 48 percent for vegetables and 37 percent
for fruits. The study suggests that regulated wholesale markets can
help in improving the marketing efficiency by promoting direct
contact with the farmers, increasing the number of buyers and sellers
in the market, promoting open auction system of marketing and
strengthening or introducing facilities and services such as go-down,
cold storage, transparency and access to internal and external market
environment.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2002-12-05&r=agr
IIMA Working Papers / Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research
and Publication Department
*(33)
Sustainable Development Research in Agriculture: Gaps and
Opportunities for Ireland
Alan Matthews
Abstract: This paper was prepared for an Environmental Protection Agency
consultation on Sustainable Development Research priorities, held in
Dublin, 12 November 2003.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcd:tcduee:200313&r=agr
Trinity College Dublin Economic Papers / Trinity College Dublin Economics
Department
*(34)
Farm Animal Welfare - testing for market failure
Carlsson, Fredrik (Department of Economics, School of
Economics and Commercial Law, G?teborg University) ; Frykblom, Peter
(Department of Economics, Appalachian State University) ; Lagerkvist,
Carl-Johan (Department of Economics, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences)
Abstract: Our increasingly heterogeneous food is at least partly due to
concerns over conventional production of farm livestock. Some of
these new products have been demand driven while others are a result
of politically decided restrictions on production techniques. From a
policy perspective, the interesting question is whether there exists
a market failure. We suggest a survey design that enables the
researcher to measure the eventual external market failures in farm
livestock production. Applying this survey design to the question of
battery cages in egg production, we cannot show that there exists a
market failure. The policy implications are applicable to not only
the question of egg production, they can be extended to a general
discussion of how potential market failures for all kind of farm
livestock should be managed. Logically, if an external effect cannot
be shown, the consumer is better off herself making the choice of how
her food is produced. <p>
JEL Codes: D62 Q13 Q18
Keywords: Animal welfare; choice experiments; market failure
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0119&r=agr
Working Papers in Economics / G?teborg University, Department of Economics
*(35)
Rural Poverty and Agricultural Diversification in Thailand
Ahmad, Alia (Department of Economics, Lund University) ;
Isvilanonda, Somporn (Department of Agricultural and Resource
Economics, Kasetsart University)
Abstract: Thailand has experienced steady economic growth and structural
changes in the economy in the last four decades that enabled her to
gain a position among the newly industrialized nations. The
structural changes associated with economic growth reflect the
changing role of agriculture in the economy. The share of agriculture
in GDP declined from 44% in early 1960s to 10% in recent years
(Isvilanonda 1998). Its share in employment has shown similar trend
albeit at a slower pace. The share of agriculture in employment has
fallen from 83% in 1957 to 57% in 1999. The difference between the
shares of agriculture in GDP and employment suggests a huge labour
productivity gap between agriculture and manufacturing, and it has
serious implications for rural poverty and rural/urban inequality.
Although Thailand has been very successful in reducing poverty
because of rapid and steady economic growth, rural poverty especially
in certain regions is a serious problem. 90% of the poor live in
rural areas and 2/3 of the poor live in northeastern provinces
indicating high regional inequality. The productivity gap is mainly
due to the inability of the manufacturing sector to absorb rural
labour at a rapid rate. One of the ways of dealing with this problem
is to diversify agriculture and the rural economy both at sectoral
and farm-level. Thailand has been successful in sector-level
diversification with regional specialization. However, this has
resulted in regional disparity in agricultural development because of
the inability of farmers in certain regions to diversify towards more
profitable crops. This paper analyses the pattern of diversification
at farm level, its effects on farm income and the constraints faced
by farmers in different regions and production environments. The
study is based on longitudinal household level data from two regions
in Thailand - the Central Plains near Bangkok and Khon Kaen in the
northeast of the country.
JEL Codes: O13 O18 Q18
Keywords: crop diversification; intensification; regional inequality
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2003_019&r=agr
Working Papers / Lund University, Department of Economics
*(36)
Rural industrialisation in Kerala: Re-examining the issue of
rural growth linkages
Mridul Eapen (Centre for Development Studies)
Abstract: The main purpose of our paper is to re-examine the role of
linkages in a process of rural industrialisation (RI) deriving from
the field experience in two purposively selected, newly emerging
areas of industrial growth in an industrially backward state. While
considerable evidence on survival of manufacturing activities in
rural areas, particularly an agriculture-linked process of rural
industrialisation, was not very encouraging, our perserverence arose
out of (a) what we perceived as a rather narrow view of intra-spatial
linkages in most of the studies taken up; and (b) the possibility of
its greater potential in the sub region we attempted to study viz.
the state of Kerala, marked by a relatively favourable rural
infrastructure. We argue that: (a) an excessive concentration on
agriculture induced linkages has resulted in an underestimation of
the potential of rural linkages for rural manufacturing. The fast
growing service sector in rural areas and its demand for simple
intermediate goods provides considerable scope for production
linkages; (b) at the same time the relative importance of
agricultural linkages very often tends to be swamped out by `urban'
indicators of rural diversification. The former could play a dominant
role in generating non-agricultural employment in relatively isolated
rural areas primarily through consumption linkages; and (c) the local
capital linkage or indigenous entrepreneurship has been relatively
underemphasised. Stimulating local initiative can facilitate a
rurally-linked process of RI. There is a real (psychic) advantage for
local entrepreneurs operating in a local environment which redresses
to some extent the relative place specific disadvantages of rural
locations.
JEL Codes: M13 O18 R12
Keywords: rural industrialisation, rural non-farm employment, rural
development, local linkages, rural growth linkages, entrepreneurship
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:cdswpp:348&r=eff
Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers / Centre for
Development Studies, Trivendrum, India
*(37)
The blessing of the commons: Small-scale fisheries, community
property rights and coastal natural assets
John Kurien (Centre for Development Studies)
Abstract: The first part of this paper describes the nature of the oceans
and human use of the living natural assets therein. It discusses the
technology and institutional arrangements through which coastal
communities interacted with these living resources, and the political
economy of the movement from small-scale to large-scale fishing
operations and from community rights to open access. The second part
of the paper examines the potential of natural asset-building
strategies. This draws upon examples from the Asia-Pacific region to
highlight how small-scale, community-based fishing is both
ecologically and economically suited to make a blessing of the
coastal commons that will simultaneously ensure sustainable natural
resource use and community well-being.
JEL Codes: D23 Q22 Q32
Keywords: Community property rights, small-scale fisheries, natural assets
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:cdswpp:349&r=eff
Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers / Centre for
Development Studies, Trivendrum, India
*(38)
Spatial Dynamic Modeling and Urban Land Use Transformation: An
Ecological Simulation Approach to Assessing the Costs of Urban
Sprawl
Deal, Brian (Department of Urban and Regional Planning) ;
Schunk, Daniel (Sonderforschungsbereich 504)
Abstract: Assessing the economic impacts of urban land use transformation
has become complex and acrimonious. Although community planners are
beginning to comprehend the economic trade-offs inherent in
transforming the urban fringe, they find it increasingly difficult to
analyze and assess the trade-offs expediently and in ways that can
influence local decisionmaking. New and sophisticated spatial
modeling techniques are now being applied to urban systems that can
quickly assess the probable spatial outcomes of given communal
policies. Applying an economic impact assessment to the probable
spatial patterns can provide to planners the tools needed to quickly
assess scenarios for policy formation that will ultimately help
inform decision makers. This paper focuses on the theoretical
underpinnings and practical application of an economic impact
analysis submodel developed within the Land use Evolution and Impact
Assessment Modeling (LEAM) environment. The conceptual framework of
LEAM is described, followed by an application of the model to the
assessment of the cost of urban sprawl in Kane County, Illinois. The
results show the effectiveness of spatially explicit modeling from a
theoretical and a practical point of view. The agent-based approach
of spatial dynamic modeling with a high spatial resolution allows for
discerning the macro-level implications of micro-level behaviors.
These phenomena are highlighted in the economic submodel in the
discussion of the implications of land use change decisions on
individual and communal costs; low-density development patterns
favoring individual behaviors at the expense of the broader
community.
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xrs:sfbmaa:03-22&r=eff
Sonderforschungsbereich 504 Publications / Sonderforschungsbereich 504,
Universit?t Mannheim
*(39)
Co-operatives in chains: institutional restructuring in the Dutch
fruit and vegetables industry
Bijman, W.J.J. ; Hendrikse, G.W.J. (Erasmus Research
Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Abstract: Co-operatives play a major role in the agricultural and food
industry. Co-operatives, by the very nature, are producer-oriented
firms. As market conditions for food products have changed in recent
decades, the question is raised whether co-operatives are still
efficient organisations for carrying transaction with agrifood
products? Bijman (2002) has addressed this question for the fresh
produce industry in The Netherlands. Traditionally, fruits and
vegetables were sold through auctions, organised by grower-owned co-
operatives. In the 1990s several auction co-operatives merged,
transformed into marketing co-operatives, and vertically integrated
into wholesale. In addition, growers have set up many new bargaining
associations and marketing co-operatives. These new co-operatives
have started crop and variety specific marketing programmes. For
reasons of asymmetric information and investment-related transaction
costs several of the new co-operative firms have also included the
wholesale function.
Keywords: co-operatives;auction;fresh produce;asymmetric
information;transaction cost;asset specificity;
Downloads:
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:eureri:30001179&r=eff
Discussion Paper / Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM),
Erasmus University Rotterdam
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This report is Copyright 2004 by Angelo Zago (angelo.zago@univr.it).
It is provided as is without any express or implied warranty.
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