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NEP: New Economics Papers
Agricultural Economics
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Edited by: Angelo Zago
Universita degli Studi di Verona
Date: 2005-04-16
Papers: 24
This document is in the public domain, feel free to circulate it.
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In this issue we have:
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1. Crop Choice, Farm Income, and Political Relations in Myanmar
Takashi Kurosaki
2. Food Insecurity in India: Causes and Dimensions
Chakravarty Sujoy; Dand Sejal A
3. Impact of Ownership Structure on the Performance of China?s
Feed Mill Sector, The
Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
4. Labeling Regulations and Segregation of First- and Second-
Generation Genetically Modified Products: Innovation
Incentives and Welfare Effects
Moschini, GianCarlo; Lapan, Harvey E.
5. Fisheries Management with Stock Uncertainty and Costly
Capital Adjustment: Extended Appendix
Doyle, Matthew; Singh, Rajesh; Weninger, Quinn
6. Why do parents their children work ? A test of peverty
hypothesis in rural areas in Brukina Faso
Dumas Christelle
7. Economic Crisis and Trade Liberalization: A CGE Analysis On
The Forestry Sector
Tubagus Feridhanusetyawan; Yose Rizal Damuri
8. Agricultural-Forestry Linkages: Development Of Timber And
Tree Crop Plantations Towards Sustainable Natural Forests
Erwidodo; Satria Astana
9. Economic Adjustment and the Forestry Sector: Does Removing
the Log Export Ban Matter Much?
Arya B. Gaduh; Kurnya Roesad
10. Livelihoods and Farm Efficiency in Rural Georgia
Kelvin_Balcombe; Dirk_Bezemer; Junior_Davis; Iain_Fraser
11. Have Price Policies Damaged LDC Agricultural Productivity?
Lilyan E. Fulginiti; Richard K. Perrin
12. Institutions and Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan
Africa
Lilyan E. Fulginiti; Richard K. Perrin; Bingxin Yu
13. Accounting for Agricultural Decline with Economic Growth in
Taiwan
Ling Sun; Lilyan E. Fulginiti; E. Wesley Peterson
14. LDC Agriculture: Non-parametric Malmquist productivity
indexes
Lilyan E. Fulginiti; Richard K. Perrin
15. A Game Theoretical Model of Land Contract Choice
Am?rico Mendes
16. Performance of Agriculture in the Changing Structure of the
Orissa Economy: Issues Revisited
Manoranjan Pattanayak; Bibhu Prasad Nayak
17. Agricultural Protectionism: Debt Problems and the Doha Round
Julio J. Nogues
18. Forest owners? collective action against the risk of
forest fire: a game theoretical approach
Am?rico Mendes
19. Issues on Agricultural Negotiations in the FTAA and Linkages
With the Doha Round
Julio J. Nogues
20. Agricultural Protection in Developing Countries
Lilyan E. Fulginiti; Jason F. Shogren
21. Public Inputs and Productivty in the Agricultural Sector: A
Dynamic Dual Approach
Alejandro Onofri; Lilyan E. Fulginiti
22. Organic Apple Production in Washington State: An Input-
Output Analysis
Pon Nya Mon; David W. Holland
23. Intervention and Production Sector Waste in LDC Agriculture
Lilyan E. Fulginiti; Richard K. Perrin
24. Crop Diversification in Orissa: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Manoranjan Pattanayak; Bibhu Prasad Nayak
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1. Crop Choice, Farm Income, and Political Relations in Myanmar
Takashi Kurosaki
Myanmar's agricultural economy is in transition from a planned
to a market system. However, the economy does not seem to capture
the full gains of productivity growth expected from such a
transition. Using a micro dataset collected in 2001 and covering
more than 500 households in eight villages with diverse agro-
ecological environments, this paper shows that policy
interventions in land use and agricultural marketing underlie the
lack of income growth. Regression analyses focusing on within-
village variations in cropping patterns show that the acreage
share under nonlucrative paddy crops is higher for farmers who
are under tighter control of the local administration.
Keywords: reform, food policy, transitional economies, Asia,
Myanmar
Date: 2005-03
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hst:hstdps:d04-80&r=agr
2. Food Insecurity in India: Causes and Dimensions
Chakravarty Sujoy
Dand Sejal A
In this study we explore causes of the widespread food
insecurity that prevails in India. It has been observed that even
though the proportion of the malnourished fell by about 1 percent
FAO, 2002) through the nineties in India, their absolute number
increased by about 18 million. Thus the problem of food
insecurity in India is not of general systemic failure that
arises due to a supply shortage. It is in fact more a problem
where certain sectors (mainly the rural agrarian population and
the urban informal sector) suffer from a shortage of food in a
general climate of increasing production. Delving deeper, we
observe that the main determinants of food insecurity in India
today are the shrinking of agrarian and informal sector incomes
and failures (both due to policy framing as well as
implementation) of support led measures to combat poverty. The
latter include the near breakdown of the targeted public
distribution system (TPDS) in most regions of the country. This
study uses existing scholarly work in the area as well as
conventional data sources in order to show the extent of food
insecurity in India today and the logic of the different patterns
of its causality.
Date: 2005-04-11
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2005-04-01&r=agr
3. Impact of Ownership Structure on the Performance of China?s
Feed Mill Sector, The
Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
In the decade of the 1990s, China?s feed sector became
increasingly privatized, more feed mills opened, and the scale of
operation expanded. Capacity utilization remained low and multi-
ministerial supervision was still prevalent, but the feed mill
sector showed a positive performance overall, posting a growth
rate of 11 percent per year. Profit margin over sales was within
allowable rates set by the government of China at 3 to 5 percent.
Financial efficiency improved, with a 20 percent quicker turnover
of working capital. Average technical efficiency was 0.805, as
more efficient feed mills increasingly gained production shares.
This study finds evidence that the increasing privatization
explains the improved performance of the commercial feed mill
sector. The drivers that shaped the feed mill sector in the 1990s
have changed with China?s accession to the World Trade
Organization. With the new policy regime in place, the study
foresees that, assuming an adequate supply of soy meal and an
excess capacity in the feed mill sector, it is likely that China
will allow corn imports up to the tariff rate quota (TRQ) of 7.2
mmt since the in-quota rate is very low at 1 percent. However,
when the TRQ is exceeded, the import duty jumps to a prohibitive
out-quota rate of 65 percent. With an import duty for meat of
only 10 to 12 percent, China would have a strong incentive to
import meat products directly rather than bringing in expensive
corn to produce meat domestically. This would be further
reinforced if structural transformation in the swine sector would
narrow the cost differential between domestic and imported pork.
Date: 2005-04-04
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12270&r=agr
4. Labeling Regulations and Segregation of First- and Second-
Generation Genetically Modified Products: Innovation
Incentives and Welfare Effects
Moschini, GianCarlo
Lapan, Harvey E.
We review some of the most significant issues and results on the
economic effects of genetically modified (GM) product innovation,
with emphasis on the question of GM labeling and the need for
costly segregation and identity preservation activities. The
analysis is organized around an explicit model that can
accommodate the features of both first-generation and second-
generation GM products. The model accounts for the proprietary
nature of GM innovations and for the critical role of consumer
preferences vis-?-vis GM products, as well as for the impacts of
segregation and identity preservation and the effects of a
mandatory GM labeling regulation. We also investigate briefly a
novel question in this setting, the choice of ?research
direction?when both cost-reducing and quality-enhancing GM
innovations are feasible.
JEL: O3 D0 Q1
Date: 2005-04-11
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12275&r=agr
5. Fisheries Management with Stock Uncertainty and Costly
Capital Adjustment: Extended Appendix
Doyle, Matthew
Singh, Rajesh
Weninger, Quinn
This Appendix is supplemntary to "Fisheries Management with
Stock Uncertainty and Costly Capital Adjustment: An Application
to Pacific Halibut" and "Fisheries Management with Stock
Uncertainty and Costly Capital Adjustment"
JEL: D2 Q2
Date: 2005-04-14
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12291&r=agr
6. Why do parents their children work ? A test of peverty
hypothesis in rural areas in Brukina Faso
Dumas Christelle
This article aims at testing whether child labor is caused by
poverty. Tests are designed for rural areas in a setting
characterized by the absence of a labor market. A model of rural
household labor supply is developed that provides testable
implications of two different poverty hypotheses. We test if
child labor is due to a binding subsistence constraint and if
child leisure is a luxury good. We find that, in rural Burkina
Faso, children provide labor mostly because of labor market
imperfections and not because of household subsistence needs and
that child leisure is a normal good.
Keywords: child labor, rural hoseholds, market imperfections,
poverty hypothesis
JEL: D13 I32 J22 O12 Q12
Date: 2004-06
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lea:leawpi:0411&r=agr
7. Economic Crisis and Trade Liberalization: A CGE Analysis On
The Forestry Sector
Tubagus Feridhanusetyawan (Department of Economics, Centre
for Strategic and International Studies)
Yose Rizal Damuri (Department of Economics, Centre for
Strategic and International Studies)
This paper uses simulations based on a GTAP model to reproduce
the economic crisis in Southeast Asia, and in particular in
Indonesia. The model is a static-real sector model, so the focus
of the simulation is on the declining investment and the
declining prices of non-traded goods during the crisis. The
simulation is conducted by creating an exogenous shock on risk
premium in Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, which leads to
smaller allocation of regional investment in these countries,
lower stock of capital goods, and lower production. The second
shock, which is the declining price of land and natural resource,
opens the possibility of resource allocation between sectors in
the economy. The results of the crisis simulation show that the
declining overall GDP during the crisis is accompanied by
declining productions of capital and labor-intensive commodities,
and expansion of natural resource and land based sectors. Based
on the simulation, the economic crisis is expected to lower
production of forestry and forestry related manufacturing sectors,
mainly because these sectors are more capital or labor intensive,
rather than land or natural resource intensive. Consistent with
the modeling exercise, the output of these sectors also declined
in reality during the worst time of the crisis in 1997-99. The
simulation results also show that the negative impact of the
crisis on welfare, measured as the changes in equivalent
variation, is serious. The second simulation in this study
measures the impact of trade liberalization on the economy after
the crisis. The results show that the potential benefit from
trade liberalization is large, and larger than the welfare lost
during the crisis. In other words, pursuing more progressive
trade liberalization would speed up the economic recovery after
the crisis by creating more opportunity to get the most benefit
from the global economy.
Keywords: Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Asian crisis, forestry
sector, computable general equilibrium (CGE)
Date: 2004-02
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:macroe:62&r=agr
8. Agricultural-Forestry Linkages: Development Of Timber And
Tree Crop Plantations Towards Sustainable Natural Forests
Erwidodo (Center for Agro Socioeconomic Research)
Satria Astana (Center for Socioeconomic Research on Foresty,
Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia)
There are at least two problems left unsolved that calls for our
attention, namely: (i) millions of hectare of logged over areas
and most of them are degraded and others are underutilized and
left unproductive, and (ii) high supply-demand gap of logs, due
to a huge excess demand for logs and pulpwood. Industrial timber
and estate crop plantations are considered to be the alternative
way out towards reaching sustainable natural forest management.
Evidence suggests that many logging companies are in fact more
interested on clear-cutting timber than truly establishing the
plantation. The main reason has been the need to get cheap timber
for fulfilling an excess demand for pulpwood by pulp and paper
industries. Many logging companies who also own estate crop
plantations apply for a license to establish (timber or estate
crop) plantation in the conversion area, clear the forest for
logs and pulpwood, and eventually abandon the cleared land The
paper presents a historical perspective of agricultural
development in Indonesia, focusing on food and cash crop
developments particularly in the outer islands of Indonesia. The
authors explore agricultural-forestry linkage is highlighted in
section present a discussion on further development of industrial
timber and estate crop plantation as logical ways towards
sustainable forest management in the future.
Keywords: Indonesia, forestry, agriculture, timber, estate crop,
sustainable forestry
Date: 2004-02
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:microe:59&r=agr
9. Economic Adjustment and the Forestry Sector: Does Removing
the Log Export Ban Matter Much?
Arya B. Gaduh (Department of Economics, Centre for Strategic
and International Studies)
Kurnya Roesad (Department of Economics, Centre for Strategic
and International Studies)
For most of the 1980s and 1990s, Indonesia?s forest industry
was characterized by protectionist policies. The combination of a
log-export ban and the enforcement of artificially low prices of
logs by APKINDO had fostered the inefficient domestic wood-panel
producers, while potentially killed off more efficient wood-panel
producers abroad. The removal of APKINDO and the log export ban,
as major parts of the IMF ? led economic reform agenda since
1998 was expected to improve allocative efficiency in the wood
? processing sector. However, the removal of these policies
likely increased pressure on Indonesia?s forests. An
artificially low price of logs reduces their supply, and
henceforth, relieves pressures off forests. Taking away the ban
gradually moves the prices back to the international level, hence
increasing the rate of wood extraction. As such, absent other
forms of intervention, we face a trade-off between economic
efficiency and environmental sustainability of the log export ban
policy. This paper is an attempt to describe, and quantify when
possible, this trade-off empirically. It asks whether the log
export ban has encouraged less efficient use of domestic logs and
whether it has helped to reduce the rate of round wood extraction.
The empirical study suggests that the former did occur during
the LEB and APKINDO regime of 1985-1997, while the latter cannot
be shown empirically.
Keywords: Indonesia, log ban, crisis, adjustment, forestry
sector.
Date: 2004-02
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:microe:66&r=agr
10. Livelihoods and Farm Efficiency in Rural Georgia
Kelvin_Balcombe (Imperial College)
Dirk_Bezemer (University of Groningen)
Junior_Davis (University of Greenwich)
Iain_Fraser (Imperial College)
This paper contributes to the literature on the role of on rural
livelihood strategies in rural growth and poverty reduction. It
distinguishes between livelihood diversity strategies that
contribute to sustainable growth in household incomes, and those
that mainly have a 'coping' function. It suggests that typically,
the contribution of livelihood diversity to growing household
income is through relaxing dependence on credit for access to
capital. In this scenario, livelihood diversity would lead to
higher technical efficiency in agriculture via investment and
thereby to higher household incomes. Survey data from Georgia are
introduced and used to test these hypotheses using a Bayesian
stochastic frontier approach. The findings are relevant to
defining more clearly the scope and aims of policies to stimulate
the rural non-farm economy in developing and transition countries.
Keywords: Livelihoods analysis; survey data; incomes; efficiency;
Bayesian stochastic frontier approach
JEL: Q
Date: 2005-02-10
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0502005&r=agr
11. Have Price Policies Damaged LDC Agricultural Productivity?
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
Richard K. Perrin (University of Nebraska)
This paper examines agricultural policies in 18 developing
countries over the period 1961-1985. We measure productivity with
both a nonparametric Malmquist index and a production function,
confirming previous findings of declining agricultural
productivity, but with sufficident inconsistencies as to raise
concern about the adequacy of the methods. We nontehless find
considerable support for the hypothesis that unfavorable price
policies have damaged agricultural performance in these countries.
Keywords: Agricultural productivity, developing countries, price
policies
JEL: O4 Q1
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0502020&r=agr
12. Institutions and Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan
Africa
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
Richard K. Perrin (University of Nebraska)
Bingxin Yu (University of Nebraska)
Agricultural productivity in 41 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
countries from 1960 to 1999 is examined by estimating a semi-
nonparametric Fourier production frontier. Over the four decades
the estimated rate of productivity change was 0.83% per year,
although the average rate from 1985-99 was a strong 1.90% per
year. Former UK colonies exhibited significantly higher
productivity gains than others, while Liberia and countries that
had been colonies of Portugal or Belgium exhibited net reductions
in productivity. We measure a significant reduction in
productivity during political conflicts and wars, and a
significant increase in productivity among those countries with
higher levels of political rights and civil liberties.
Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural productivity,
institutions, stochastic frontier, Fourier functional
form.
JEL: Q
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0502021&r=agr
13. Accounting for Agricultural Decline with Economic Growth in
Taiwan
Ling Sun (Providence University)
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
E. Wesley Peterson (University of Nebraska)
In this paper we propose an empirical model to decompose the
evolution of the agricultural GDP share of Taiwan into three
components: price changes, factor endowment changes and
technological change. The full sample period is 1967 to 1997. The
data were first tested to assess whether the time series are
nonstationary and cointegrated. After confirming their
nonstationarity and cointegrated relation- ship, we then employ
an error correction model (ECM) in the empirical estimation to
capture the dynamic as well as long-run equilibrium relationship
among those economic variables. The results suggest that relative
prices have a positive influence on the share of agriculture in
GDP in both the long-run and the short-run. An increase in
capital per unit of labor, on the other hand, is associated with
a smaller agricultural share. This result is consistent with the
Rybczynski Theorem. Technical change has been biased in favor of
this sector. The strong negative impact of the change in factor
endowments seems to dominate any possible positive effect of
relative prices and technical change. This result makes a strong
case for a Heckscher-Ohlin type model as a basis of understanding
the development of the Taiwanese economy.
Keywords: Taiwan, productivity growth, GDP function, error
correction,
JEL: O4 Q1
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0502022&r=agr
14. LDC Agriculture: Non-parametric Malmquist productivity
indexes
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
Richard K. Perrin (University of Nebraska)
This paper examines changes in agricultural productivity in18
developing countries over the period 1961-1985. We use the
nonparametric, output- based Mamquist index to examine whether
the results from such approach confirm results from other methods
that have indicated declining agricultural productivity in less
developed countries.
Keywords: Journal of Development Economics, vol. 53 (1997), 373-
390
JEL: O4 Q1
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0502025&r=agr
15. A Game Theoretical Model of Land Contract Choice
Am?rico Mendes (Portuguese Catholic University Porto -
Faculty of Economics & Management)
In most of the land tenancy literature the type of contract is
exogenous. Also even though these contracts vary a lot among
farms, between regions and over time, the theoretical literature
has not always acknowledged this idiosyncrasy. Building on the
strategic bargaining theory initiated by Rubinstein, this model
not only makes the type of contract endogenous, but also provides
the surplus sharing rules and the conditions giving rise to each
type of contract, showing how the type and terms of the contract
are tailored to fit the characteristics of the parties and their
economic environment. Pairwise bargaining is embedded into a
market context by putting ?competitive pressure? on the
players through the opportunity they have to break up bargaining
and look for alternative partners. Because of this threat of
opting out, the outcome of the bargaining process depends not
only on the characteristics of the players, but also on events
outside their match and the information they have about them. The
model departs from price-taking assumptions. Type and terms of
the contract result from negotiation and are shaped by the
?relative bargaining powers? of the players whose relevant
components are identified in a precise way in the model.
Keywords: land tenancy, contract choice, game theory
JEL: C7 D8
Date: 2005-03-13
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpga:0503001&r=agr
16. Performance of Agriculture in the Changing Structure of the
Orissa Economy: Issues Revisited
Manoranjan Pattanayak (Jawaharlal Nehru University)
Bibhu Prasad Nayak (Jawaharlal Nehru University)
The economy of Orissa is characterized by the dominance of
agricultural sector. Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of
the state's economy with contribution about 28.13 percent to net
state domestic product during 2001-2002. The agriculture alone
provides direct and indirect employment to around 65 percent of
the total workforce of the state as per 2001 provisional census.
Nevertheless, the sector is continues to be characterized by low
productivity.Although the contribution of agriculture to state
income has significantly declined, the percentage of work force
engaged in agriculture has remained somewhat unchanged. This
implies that there has been an overcrowding in agriculture
without any perceptible increase in production. Therefore,
agricultural growth holds the key to the overall development of
the state by way of creating employment, generating income,
providing raw materials to the industrial sector and last but not
the least ensuring self-reliance in food production and food
security to the deprived sections. In this paper, we have studied
the pattern of structural change in the last two decades. It is
observed that, while the share of Primary sector has gone down
drastically in gross state domestic product in 90's vis-a- vis
80's, the secondary or manufacturing sectors share is hovering
around 17 percent throughout last fifty years. The only
substantial change is occurred in service sector. In 1980, the
share of service sector in GSDP was 30 percent. In 2000, it is
reached at 45 percent. The issue at hand is that, while the share
of primary sector has gone down in state income, it is not
showing any trend of releasing labour force. In 1951, 72.86
percent of total workforce was engaged in primary sector, also in
1991, 72.9 percent is workforce is engaged there. Hence,
whatsoever developmental effort has been undertaken by state, the
fruit is unequally distributed as per capita income of service
sector worker is much higher than primary sector. In this
scenario, we have gone to explore the productivity in agriculture
district wise. It is found that inter district variation in
agricultural productivity is very high. Also, the input use in
agriculture is skewed across the districts. In the plain and
coastal land, the high productivity is explained by higher use of
input. It is a vicious circle. Poverty reduces purchasing power i.
e. in our case low application of input, and this again leads to
poverty due to low agricultural productivity. This gives a strong
message. That is Orissa which is a typical rural based agrarian
economy, any developmental effort without due consideration for
agricultural improvement will be proved nullified. It is also
shown that over the years, the plan outlay on agriculture has
gone down which reflects the priority of state government.
Finally, we have tried to explain the role of several input in
explaining agricultural productivity and concluded the paper with
few suggestions.
Keywords: Structural Change, Agricultural Productivity, Orissa
Economy, Panel data
JEL: N55 O13
Date: 2005-02-26
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpgt:0502073&r=agr
17. Agricultural Protectionism: Debt Problems and the Doha Round
Julio J. Nogues (Universidad Di Tella)
Through financial channels, agricultural protectionism imposes
costs on efficient producers that are higher than those
associated with negative allocative effects and export losses
usually estimated. The link between protectionism and finance has
a direct relationship with the WTO Marrakech Agreement of
establishing coherence between international trade and financial
matters. Here, I call attention to the fact that for efficient
agricultural exporters there is little if any coherence between
the trading system and the international financial system that
they face. I also present some numbers on the export losses from
agricultural protectionism; describe the channels through which
this protectionism increases financial costs; and analyze dynamic
and poverty effects.
Keywords: WTO, Coherence Agricultural Protectionism, Debt
Problems
JEL: F3 F4
Date: 2005-02-08
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpif:0502005&r=agr
18. Forest owners? collective action against the risk of
forest fire: a game theoretical approach
Am?rico Mendes (Portuguese Catholic University - Porto,
Faculty of Economics & Management)
This paper is a follow up on a earlier one (Mendes, 1998) where
I proposed a series of models for forest owners associations
represented as organisation made up of two groups of
strategically interacting players: the forest owners who are
members of the association and the board of directors they have
elected. The directors decide on the amount of services provided
by the association which can be public goods (collective
representation of the members, promotion of their common
interests, diffusion of general information about forest
programmes and best forest management practices, etc.) and
private goods and services (silvicultural works preventive of
forest fires, technical advice, etc.). The models were set up as
games in strategic form with complete information and no payoff
uncertainty. Here I pick up the second of, what is called in that
previous paper, the 'Portuguese' models and extend it in the
following directions: - there is payoff risk for the forest
owners due to exogenous hazards (forest fires or others); -
forest owners can buy private services from the owners which
contribute to reduce the losses resulting from those hazards. The
main focus in this paper is to derive the comparative static
results about the demand of these private services by the forest
owners.
Keywords: forest owners? associations, public and private
goods joint supply, game theory
JEL: L
Date: 2005-03-13
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpio:0503005&r=agr
19. Issues on Agricultural Negotiations in the FTAA and Linkages
With the Doha Round
Julio J. Nogues (Universidad Di Tella)
An FTAA that provides gains to all participants remains a major
challenge for LA. Given the demanding pre-conditions required in
these and other negotiations with industrial countries, I am
unsure whether all LA countries will be able to confront this
challenge successfully. It is of paramount importance that
Governments can document clear net gains to their societies,
because otherwise a few years down the road, regional relations
may become soured by an under-performing FTAA.
Keywords: Latin America, FTAA negotiations, Agricultural
protectionism
JEL: F1 F2
Date: 2005-02-08
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0502006&r=agr
20. Agricultural Protection in Developing Countries
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (Iowa State University)
Jason F. Shogren (Iowa State University)
The present paper explores why farmers are taxed in poor
countries and subsidized in rich countries. Using the economic
theory of contests to come to an understanding of the incentives
for agricultural protectionism, we first sketch a framework for
an excludable and rivalrous rent. We then apply this framework to
agricultural protectionism in developing countries.
Keywords: Agricultural protection, public choice, collective
action, excludable and rivalrous rent, developing
countries
JEL: Q
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0502010&r=agr
21. Public Inputs and Productivty in the Agricultural Sector: A
Dynamic Dual Approach
Alejandro Onofri (University of Nebraska)
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
This paper introduces a dynamic model of productivity
measurement based on recent endogenous growth theories. The model
presented in this study is based on dynamic duality theory and
incorporate public goods (public capital and R&D) as external
factors to the firms. It also rationalizes the provision of
public inputs by a benevolent social planner that internalizes
the effects of them. Moreover, the Le Chatelier principle is
extended for this dynamic duality modelin which the public
factors are quasi-fixed for the firm and all firm-specific inputs
can be adjusted in the long run. Therefore, increasing returns to
scale over all inputs can still be tested at the long-run
equilibrium perceived by the firm. Additionally, this model
permits deriving testable hypotheses related to the two
conditions of endogenous growth theory mentioned above. The model
is tested with data for the U.S. agricultural sector.
Keywords: endogenous growth, dynamic productivity, public goods,
duality, U.S. agriculture
JEL: H54 O13 Q16
Date: 2005-02-28
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0502011&r=agr
22. Organic Apple Production in Washington State: An Input-
Output Analysis
Pon Nya Mon (Washington State University)
David W. Holland (Washington State University)
This paper provides an Input-Output (I/O) based economic impact
analysis for organic apple production in Washington State. The
intent is to compare the economic ?ripple? effect of organic
production with conventional production. The analysis is
presented in two scenarios: first we compare the economic impact
of organic versus conventional apple production for a l demand
increase of one million US$ as measured in sales. The second
analysis looks at the economic impact of organic and conventional
apple production in terms of given unit of land (405 hectares of
production). Both state-wide output (sales) and employment (jobs)
impacts are estimated under each scenario. Results are presented
in terms of direct, indirect, and induced economic impact.
Organic apple production was more labor intensive than
conventional production. While, the organic apple sector used
less intermediate inputs per unit of output than conventional
production it also produced higher returns to labor and capital.
As a result, the indirect economic effect was lower for the
organic sector than the conventional sector, but the induced
economic effect was higher for organic. Given the organic price
premium, the economic impact (direct, indirect and induced) was
larger for organic apple production than conventional apple
production.
Keywords: conventional and organic apple production, multiplier
effects, output, and employment effects, IMPLAN
JEL: D58 R11
Date: 2005-03-22
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0503009&r=agr
23. Intervention and Production Sector Waste in LDC Agriculture
Lilyan E. Fulginiti (University of Nebraska)
Richard K. Perrin (University of Nebraska)
This study uses the quantity-based Allais-Debreu measure of loss
to measure the waste, in output or resources, induced by
interventions in the agricultural sector in 18 developing
countries.
Keywords: Allais-Debreu, deadweight loss, LDC's, agricultural
taxation
JEL: Q
Date: 2005-03-02
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwppe:0503001&r=agr
24. Crop Diversification in Orissa: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Manoranjan Pattanayak (Jawaharlal Nehu University)
Bibhu Prasad Nayak (Jawaharlal Nehu University)
The objective of this paper is to analyze the crop
diversification and crop concentration in Orissa in the last one
and half decade. It is pursued through measuring crop
diversification and crop concentration index. We have used
Herphindal and Entropy measure for crop diversification and
locational quotient measure has been used to measure crop
concentration. The result shows that in all most all districts,
crop specialization is taking place and more so in the last phase
of our study. Then employing an ordinary least square we have
figured out the major determinants of crop diversification.
Keywords: Crop Diversification, Orissa agriculture, crop
concentration, spatio-temporal analysis
JEL: N55 Q10
Date: 2005-02-26
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpur:0502004&r=agr
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