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NEP: New Economics Papers
Agricultural Economics
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Edited by: Angelo Zago
http://ideas.repec.org/e/pza49.html
Universita degli Studi di Verona
Date: 2006-03-11
Papers: 11
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In this issue we have:
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1. Agricultural Trade and the Doha Round: Lessons from Commodity
Studies
Beghin, John C.; Aksoy, Ataman
2. Land Use and Water Management in Israel- Economic and
environmental analysis of sustainable reuse of wastewater in
agriculture
Nava Haruvy
3. Rethinking Agricultural Domestic Support under the World
Trade Organization
Hart, Chad E.; Beghin, John C.
4. Virtual water and water trade in Andalusia. A study by means
of an input-output model
Erik Dietzenbacher; Esther Vel?zquez
5. Evolving Dairy Markets in Asia: Recent Findings and
Implications
Beghin, John C.
6. The Depressing Effect of Agricultural Institutions on the
Prewar Japanese Economy
Fumio Hayashi; Edward C. Prescott
7. The demand for Food in South Africa
Paul Dunne; Beverly Edkins
8. Efficient Intra-household Allocations and Distribution
Factors: Implications and Identification
Fran?ois Bourguignon; Martin Browning; Pierre-Andr?
Chiappori
9. State-contingent modelling of the Murray Darling Basin:
implications for the design of property rights
David Adamson; Thilak Mallawaarachchi; John Quiggin
10. Supermarket Pricing Strategies
Ellickson, Paul; Misra, Sanjog
11. Investigating Nonlinear Speculation in Cattle, Corn and Hog
Futures Markets Using Logistic Smooth Transition Regression
Models
Andreas R?thig; Carl Chiarella
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1. Agricultural Trade and the Doha Round: Lessons from Commodity
Studies
Beghin, John C.
Aksoy, Ataman
While global analytical approaches to agricultural trade
liberalization yield large gains for most economies, there are
substantial variations in the policy regimes across commodities.
To clarify the multiplicity of distortions and impacts, the World
Bank?s Trade Department undertook a series of commodity studies.
The studies highlight the important challenges faced by
negotiating countries in the Doha Round of the World Trade
Organization (WTO) trade negotiations. The studies provide a
sharper look at the North-South dimensions of the agricultural
trade debate, with the North?s trade barriers, domestic support,
and tariff escalation. They also underscore the South-South
challenges on border protection and the reduced rural income
opportunities for the lowest-income countries due to policies in
higher-income countries that depress world prices. Agricultural
trade liberalization would induce significant price increases for
most commodities. The studies identify the detrimental effects of
multilateral trade liberalization for some countries because of
lost preferential trade agreements and higher prices on net
consumers of commodities. Given the complexity of specific issues
in agriculture, as well as the North-South and South-South
dimensions of distortions, a global solution would be required to
liberalize these markets. Rather than being self-contained,
agricultural trade negotiations should involve concessions on
other sectors and issues (services and intellectual property
rights for example) to identify overall reform packages palatable
to all parties.
Keywords: agricultural trade liberalization, Doha, World Bank,
commodities
JEL: F1
Date: 2006-03-03
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12509&r=agr
2. Land Use and Water Management in Israel- Economic and
environmental analysis of sustainable reuse of wastewater in
agriculture
Nava Haruvy
We will analyze land use and water management issues in Israel
by focusing on wastewater irrigation. Irrigation with treated
effluents has become an important water source in Israel due to
scarcity of natural water resources. Treated wastewater reuse
serves as source of water and nutrients and assists with
wastewater discard. Wastewater also carries pollutants including
micro and macro organic and inorganic matter and its treatment
and use should adapt to sustainability criteria. Wastewater
treatment processes can decrease pollutants levels, while
salinity is not influenced unless combining relatively expensive
desalination processes. Advantages of using wastewater in
irrigation include: supporting agricultural production, highly
reliable supply, low cost water source, solution for effluent
disposal and saving of chemical fertilizers. Disadvantages
include quality problems as related to human health, damage to
crops, contamination of groundwater, problems related to
irrigation system, increased water requirement and need for
continuous follow up and control. The higher is the treatment
level, the higher are the treatment costs but the environmental
potential hazards are lower. Regarding sustainable use we will
assess advantages and disadvantages of treating and irrigating
with treated effluents. We will focus on the economic and
environmental analysis of sustainable reuse of wastewater in
agriculture regarding its impact on groundwater, soil and society.
Date: 2005-08
URL: http://d.rep
ec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa05p376&r=agr
3. Rethinking Agricultural Domestic Support under the World
Trade Organization
Hart, Chad E.
Beghin, John C.
This paper focuses on the third pillar of the Uruguay Round
Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) of the World Trade Organization (
WTO), the discipline of agricultural domestic support. The paper
examines the current definition of agricultural domestic support
used by the WTO, focusing on the Aggregate Measure of Support (
AMS) and other forms of support that are less to least distorting
Blue and Green Box payments). The analysis looks at the recent
experience of four member states (the United States, the European
Union, Japan, and Brazil). The structure of recent support varies
considerably by country. Some countries, notably the United
States, have strategically used the de minimis exemption to
deflate their support figures substantially in order to remain
within AMS limits, even though total support has exceeded these
limits. The paper investigates the possible effects of changing
the definition of the AMS so that it better reflects current
support conditioned by market forces. If market prices (world
and/or domestic) were to be used to compute current market
support, a greater variability of the AMS would result, and
violations of AMS limits would be more likely given the
anticyclical nature of policies included in the AMS, especially
for the United States and European Union.
Date: 2006-03-03
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12510&r=agr
4. Virtual water and water trade in Andalusia. A study by means
of an input-output model
Erik Dietzenbacher (Faculty of Economics, University of
Groningen)
Esther Vel?zquez (Department of Economics, Universidad
Pablo de Olavide)
Andalusian agricultural sectors are relatively small, but
consume by 90% of the available water resources. More than 50% of
the final demands for agricultural products are exported to other
Spanish regions or abroad. Using a virtual water concept with an
input-output framework, we find that a substantial part of the
Andalusian water consumption is necessary for exports.
Considering the water content of its trade, Andalusia is found to
be a net exporter of water, whereas it is an extremely arid
region. Examining regional policy aspects, a reduction in the
exports abroad of agricultural products yields considerable
benefits in terms of water savings and only moderate costs.
Keywords: Input-Output Models, Virtual Water, Trade and
Sustainability
JEL: R15 Q25 Q17
Date: 2006-03
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:pab:wpaper:06.06&r=agr
5. Evolving Dairy Markets in Asia: Recent Findings and
Implications
Beghin, John C.
This paper is an overview of important findings regarding the
ongoing evolution of Asian dairy markets based on a series of new
economic investigations. These investigations provide systematic
empirical foundations for assessing Asian dairy markets with
their new consumption patterns, changing industries, and trade
prospects under different domestic and trade policy regimes. The
findings are drawn from four case studies (China, India, Japan,
and Korea), as well as a prospective analysis of future regional
patterns of consumption and a policy analysis of trade
liberalization of Asian dairy markets. The overview distills the
findings of these new investigations and integrates them in the
earlier economic literature; it draws policy implications and
identifies lessons for countries outside of Asia, especially for
emerging exporters in Latin America.
Keywords: Asia, China, dairy, India, Japan, Korea,
liberalization, trade integration.
JEL: F1
Date: 2006-03-03
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12506&r=agr
6. The Depressing Effect of Agricultural Institutions on the
Prewar Japanese Economy
Fumio Hayashi
Edward C. Prescott
The question we address in this paper is why the Japanese
miracle didn't take place until after World War II. For much of
the pre-WWII period, Japan's real GNP per worker was not much
more than a third of that of the U.S., with falling capital
intensity. We argue that its major cause is a barrier that kept
agricultural employment constant at about 14 million throughout
the prewar period. In our two-sector neoclassical growth model,
the barrier-induced sectoral mis-allocation of labor and a
resulting disincentive for capital accumulation account well for
the depressed output level. Were it not for the barrier, Japan's
prewar GNP per worker would have been close to a half of the U.S.
The labor barrier existed because, we argue, the prewar
patriarchy, armed with paternalistic clauses in the prewar Civil
Code, forced the son designated as heir to stay in agriculture.
JEL: E1 O1 O4 N3
Date: 2006-03
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12081&r=agr
7. The demand for Food in South Africa
Paul Dunne (School of Economics, University of the West of
England)
Beverly Edkins (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
Food consumption is an important issue in South Africa, not only
in its relation to poverty and deprivation, but also given the
importance of nutrition in allowing HIV/AIDS sufferers to lead
extended, productive lives. With the pressing need to increase
food security and the enormity of the epidemic, understanding the
demand for food has become a vital task. It is important that the
determinants of the demand for food are understood, so that
responses of household food consumption to changes in the prices
of foodstuffs, prices of other commodities, and total expenditure
can be anticipated. There is, however, surprisingly little
economic research on this topic. This paper provides an empirical
analysis of the demand for food in South Africa for the years
1970 to 2002. It uses two modelling approaches, a general dynamic
log-linear demand equation and a dynamic version of the almost
ideal demand system to provide estimates of the short- and long-
run price and expenditure demand elasticities.
JEL: E58
Date: 2005-10
URL: http://d.repec.org
/n?u=RePEc:uwe:wpaper:0509&r=agr
8. Efficient Intra-household Allocations and Distribution
Factors: Implications and Identification
Fran?ois Bourguignon (World Bank)
Martin Browning (Department of Economics, University of
Copenhagen)
Pierre-Andr? Chiappori (Department of Economics, University
of Chicago)
This paper provides an exhaustive characterization of
testability and identifiability issues in the collective
framework in the absence of price variation; it thus provides a
theoretical underpinning for a number of empirical works that
have been developed recently. We first provide a simple and
general test of the Pareto efficiency hypothesis, which is
consistent with all possible assumptions on the private or public
nature of goods, all possible consumption externalities between
household members, and all types of interdependent individual
preferences and domestic production technology; moreover, the
test is proved to be necessary and sufficient. We then provide a
complete analysis of the identification problem; we show under
which assumptions it is possible to identify, from the
observation of the household consumption of private goods, the
allocation of these goods within the household as well as the
Engel curves of individual household members.
Keywords: intrahousehold allocation; collective models;
identification; sharing
JEL: D13
Date: 2006-02
URL: http://d.repec.
org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuieca:2006_02&r=agr
9. State-contingent modelling of the Murray Darling Basin:
implications for the design of property rights
David Adamson (Risk and Sustainable Management Group,
University of Queensland)
Thilak Mallawaarachchi (Risk and Sustainable Management
Group, University of Queensland)
John Quiggin (Risk & Sustainable Management Group, School of
Economics, University of Queensland)
Questions relating to the allocation and management of risk have
played a central role in the development of the National Water
Initiative, particularly as it has applied to the Murray-Darling
Basin. The central issues of efficiency and equity in allocations
are best understood by considering water licenses as bundles of
state-contingent claims. The interaction of property rights and
uncertainty regarding water flows, production and output prices
is modelled using a state-contingent representation of production
under uncertainty. The role of technology and investment in the
determination of efficient adaptation strategies to manage risks
is explored using an illustrative example.
JEL: Q24 Q25
Date: 2006-02
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:rsm:murray:m06_2&r=agr
10. Supermarket Pricing Strategies
Ellickson, Paul
Misra, Sanjog
Most supermarket firms choose to position themselves by offering
either "Every Day Low Prices" (EDLP) across several items or
offering temporary price reductions (promotions) on a limited
range of items. While this choice has been addressed from a
theoretical perspective in both the marketing and economic
literature, relatively little is known about how these decisions
are made in practice, especially within a competitive environment.
This paper exploits a unique store level dataset consisting of
every supermarket operating in the United States in 1998. For
each of these stores, we observe the pricing strategy the firm
has chosen to follow, as reported by the firm itself. Using a
system of simultaneous discrete choice models, we estimate each
store's choice of pricing strategy, conditional on its
expectation over the choices of its rivals. We find evidence that
firms cluster by strategy, choosing actions that agree with those
of its rivals. We also find a significant impact of various
demographic and firm characteristics, providing some qualified
support for several specific predictions from marketing theory.
Keywords: EDLP, promotional pricing, positioning strategies,
supermarkets, discrete games
JEL: M31 L11 L81
Date: 2006
URL: http://d.repec.or
g/n?u=RePEc:duk:dukeec:06-02&r=agr
11. Investigating Nonlinear Speculation in Cattle, Corn and Hog
Futures Markets Using Logistic Smooth Transition Regression
Models
Andreas R?thig (Institute of Economics, Darmstadt
University of Technology and Center for Empirical
Marcroeconomics, University of Bielefeld)
Carl Chiarella (School of Finance and Economics, University
of Technology, Sydney)
This article explores nonlinearities in the response of
speculators? trading activity to price changes in live cattle,
corn, and lean hog futures markets. Analyzing weekly data from
March 4, 1997 to December 27, 2005, we reject linearity in all of
these markets. Using smooth transition regression models, we find
a similar structure of nonlinearities with regard to the number
of different regimes, the choice of the transition variable, and
the value at which the transition occurs.
Keywords: futures marktes; speculation; nonlinear dynamics;
smooth transition regression model
JEL: G10 G11 C22 C53
Date: 2006-02-01
URL: http://d.repec.org/
n?u=RePEc:uts:rpaper:172&r=agr
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